Avian Flashcards
How do we diagnose Chlamydophila psittacci?
isolation and identification
What elevations do we see on bloodwork with Chlamydophila psittaci?
bile acids, AST, LDH and uric acid are elevated*
What do we see grossly with Chlamydophila psittacci?
REPORTABLE
- serofibrinous polyserositis (airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis, peritonitis)
- pneumonia
- hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
- multifocal necrosis on liver and spleen
- green or yellow diarrhea/urates, conjunctivitis
How do we diagnose avian encephalomyelitis?
- serology
- histopathology (pancreas, duodenum, brain)
What gross lesions do we see with avian encephalomyelitis ?
- pale foci in the gizzard
- birds recover and get cataracts
How do we diagnose and treat avian mycobacteriosis?
histopathology
CULL!!
What do we see grossly with avian mycobacteriosis?
-granulomas in intestinal tract
-
Erysipelas
gram positve pleomorphic rods
- diffuse darkening of skin
- enlarged friable livers and spleens
tx: IM sodium penicillin
Newcastle Disease
Gross lesions: petechiae in the proventricular mucosa
- clonic spasms, coughing, sneezing, complete paralysis, torticollis, circling, paralyzed ings and legs
- diarrhea, neurological issues
REPORTABLE
infectious coryza
CHICKENS ONLY
acute resp disease with nasal discharge, sneezing, and SWELLING UNDER THE EYES, rales
Avibacterium paragallinarum
tx: erythromycin and oxytet in water
fowl cholera
Pasteurella multocida
- swollen footpads; fibrinosuppurative exudate
- hyperemia of duodenum on necropsy
- pneumonia in turkeys
Tx: sulfamethazine or sulfadimethoxine in feed or water; VACCINATE
Infectious bursal disease (gumboro)
CS: depression, watery diarrhea, ruffled feathers, deH20
- yellowish transudate in bursa and atrophy
- soiled vent feathers
Dx: RT-PCR, virus isolation
-no treatment
Giardiasis
CS: feather pulling, feces look like popcorn
Dx: zinc sulfate flotation test
what is another name for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)?
fowl plague
REPORTABLE
ZOONOTIC
What do we see with HPAI?
upper resp signs:
- cyanotic and edematous combs
- sinusitis, conjunctivitis
- dyspnea
neuro signs:
- droopy wings
- torticollis, paralysis, opisthotonus
How do you diagnose avian influenza?
Necropsy: edema and necrosis of visceral organs, skin, and CNS
REPORT OUTBREAK TO STATE VET
AGID and ELISA
- if + then virus isolation
Treating LPAI vs HPAI
LPAI: supportive care; broad spectrum abx (good px)
HPAI: cull infected flock (H5 and H7) (grave px)
What do we see with infectious bronchitis virus? 3Rs
ONLY IN CHICKENS
- respiratory: gasping, tracheal rales, epiphora, swollen sinuses, coughing, sneezing
- renal: ADULTS
- reproductive: dec egg production, wrinkled and abnormal eggs; egg yolk peritonitis 2 to ruptured follicles
Diagnosing infectious bronchitis virus
CORONAVIRUS
Necropsy: non hemorrhagic serous catarrhal or yellow caseous exudate
virus isolation: - hemagglutination reaction (AI and Newcastle are +)
serotype ID: RT-PCR
What do we see in chickens with infectious bronchitis virus with a secondary bacterial infection?
- airsacculitis: cloudy thickened caseous yellow exudate
- pericarditis
- perihepatitis
What is the most important vector for infectious bronchitis virus?
clinically recovered asymptomatic (carrier) birds
What are four reasons that infectious bronchitis virus is so difficult to control?
- multiple serotypes
- no cross reaction
- multiple serotypes in the same region
- highly contagious
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
REPORTABLE; herpesvirus
CS: coughing, dec egg production, conjunctivitis, periorbital swelling
Dx: PCR; AGID, ELISA; VACCINATE
3 systems for viscerotropic velogenic ND
- respiratory
- gasping, sneezing, facial edema - neurologic
- muscle tremors, droopy wings, torticollis, paralysis, circling - digestive
- violent watery green dx, ruffled feathers, thin eggs wih watery albumen (dec egg laying)
**hemorrhage and necrosis of lymphoid organs on necropsy
What is the most severe CNS lesion in pigeon-isolated strains of ND?
Mesogenic
- encephalitis
- myocardial, splenic, and pancreatic necrosis
What is the gold standard diagnosis for Newcastle?
virus isolation
**pos on hemagglutination activity –> PCR
What are 5 forms of Marek’s disease?
- Ocular
- blindness, distorted iris shape and discolored iris - Cutaneous
- enlarged feather follicles, leg lesions - Neurologic
- Visceral
- white fish flesh nodules +/- diffuse visceral lymphoid tumors - Subclinical
- dec growth rate and egg production
Trichomonas gallinae
CS: caseous oral exudate; enteric and oral lesions; weight loss
Tx: metronidazole
What are the 2 types of avian polyoma virus?
- budgerigar fledgling disease
- lethargy
- crop stasis
- ascites/serositis, rapid death, abnormal plumage - nonbudgerigar polyoma infection
- nestlings or fledglings
- disseminated SC hemorrhages
- lung edema/dyspnea
- acute death, lethargy, subclinical in adults
How do you diagnose avian polyoma virus?
Live birds: PCR, viral neutralization
Dead birds: pale muscles, pale enlarged liver, SC and cardiac ecchymoses ; histopath shows intranuclear inclusion bodies
Pacheco’s disease/ Psittacine herpesvirus/internal papillomatosis
CS: bright yellow or green urates; regurg; diarrhea; death; hepatitis
How do we diagnose Pacheco’s disease?
Live birds: PCR (blood, choana, cloaca), elevated ALT, leukopenia
Dead birds: hepatosplenomegaly, renomegaly, hepatic necrosis, pericardial hemorrhage
-histopath (intranuc inclusion bodies in hepatocytes)
How do we treat Pacheco’s disease?
- Fluids
- acyclovir
- abx for secondary infection
-analgesia and cautery excision for papillomatosis
***poor prognosis
Proventricular Dilatation Disease-CS
Macaw wasting disease; myenteric ganglioneuritis
Bornavirus
CS: progressive wt loss, regurg, pass undigested food, neuro signs (ataxia, seizures)
Proventricular Dilatation Disease-Dx
Live birds: PCR, rads (dilated proventriculus)
Dead birds: enlarged proventriculus; lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in autonomic nerve ganglia
How do you treat chlamydiosis?
doxycycline for min of 45d; 6wks
E Coli
- Fibrinous pericarditis
- Airsacculitis
- Perihepatitis
Botulism
3Ds
limp bird
-Dead bird, Disposal, and Disinfection
chronic resp disease or
infectious sinusitis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
coccidiosis
- dec egg production
- necrotic hemorrhagic intestines
- cecal hemorrhages
- vax in 1d old chicks
