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NAVLE-HUMA > Bovine > Flashcards

Bovine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 main forms of IBR?

A
  1. respiratory
  2. ocular
  3. abortion
  4. encephalitis
  5. infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
  6. generalized neonatal infection

**no effective treatment; prevent secondary bacterial infections

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2
Q

What is the treatment for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

A

oxytetracycline

-vaccinate

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3
Q

When do IBR abortions usually occur?

A

5-6 months

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4
Q

How do you treat ketosis?

A
  • oral propylene glycol
  • IV glucose
  • corticosteroids
  • insulin
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5
Q

What is the threshold for infection for mastitis?

A

20,000 cells/mL

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6
Q

What 4 pathogens do we see with contagious mastitis?

A
  1. Streptococcus agalactiae
  2. Staphylococcus aureus
  3. Corynebacterium bovis (minor)
  4. Mycoplasma: highly contagious once in mammary gland
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7
Q

What are the pathogens for environmental mastitis?

A

Coliform, S uberis

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8
Q

How do you diagnose BVDV?

A

Antigen detection

  • fluorescent antibody
  • immunohistochemistry
  • antigen capture ELISA
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9
Q

MCF vs BVD

A

MCF has greater lymph node enlargement and bilateral corneal opacity

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10
Q

What are the predisposing factors for gastric ulcers? (4)

A
  1. catecholamine release
  2. decreased mucosal blood flow (NSAIDs, shock)
  3. sepsis (gram neg bacteria)
  4. increased gastrin and/or histamine release
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11
Q

How do you treat a perforating ulcer with localized adhesions and peritonitis?

A

Discontinue NSAIDs and administer antibiotics

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12
Q

What are some other treatments for abomasal ulcers?

A
  • discontinue NSAIDs
  • H2 antagonists
  • bland fiber diet (hay)
  • blood transfusion if bleeding
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13
Q

What two viruses is blue tongue closely related to?

A
  1. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer

2. African Horse Sickness virus

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14
Q

How do you diagnose blue tongue? (3 tests)

A
  1. Competitive ELISA
  2. AGID
  3. PCR
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15
Q

Normal calf behavior: standing, nursing, suckling

A

Suckling reflex: 2-20 minutes
Standing in 1-3 hours
Nursing in 1-4 hours

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16
Q

Most nonspecific calf diarrhea occurs at —?

A

7-15 days of age

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17
Q

What defines mild, moderate, and severe dehydration?

A

mild: 4-5%
moderate: 8-9%
severe: 10-12%

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18
Q

At what level of dehydration does death occur?

A

15-16%

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19
Q

What are maintenance fluid rates in a cow (calf diarrhea power lecture)?

A

40-80 mL/kg/day

20
Q

What is the best oral alkalinizing agent?

A

Acetate

  • does not affect milk digestion
  • slightly slower than bicarb at correcting metabolic acidosis
21
Q

How do you calculate the amount of alkalinizing agent to give a calf?

A

BW x base deficit x 0.6

mEq

22
Q

How fast should IV fluids be given? What about shock dose?

A

SLOWER IS BETTER
5-10 mL/kg
10-20 mL/kg for shock

23
Q

Listeriosis

A
  • microabscesses in brain stem

- cranial nerve deficits (asymmetric)

24
Q

What are some drugs that we can use to treat listeriosis?

A
  1. amoxicillin
  2. oxytetracycline
  3. procaine penicillin G
25
Q

Polioencephalomalacia

A

cerebrocortical necrosis

-altered thiamine metabolism

26
Q

what are 6 causes of polioencephalomalacia?

A
  1. bracken fern poisoning
  2. salt intoxication
  3. lead poisoning
  4. lactic acidosis/grain overload
  5. amprolium intoxication
  6. sulfur intoxication
27
Q

What do we see on CSF if a cow has listeriosis?

A
  1. increase in protein

2. increase in monocytes

28
Q

Where do you hear a cecal dilation ping?

A

upper right from the last rib to the hip

29
Q

What is the average duration of estrus in a cow? How long are they receptive?

A

12-18 hours

-receptive up to 50 hours

30
Q

At what age during gestation is a fetus most likely to become persistently infected with the noncytopathic form of bovine viral diarrhea?

A

Fetus infected before 125 days of gestation

31
Q

What is the growth medium of choice for Mycoplasma bovis?

A

Hayflick’s agar

32
Q

Mucosal Disease

A

5-month old calf which was persistently infected as a fetus with a non cytopathic (nonCPE) biotype of BVD virus is superinfected with a cytopathic (CPE) biotype of BVD due to rearranging of the parent non-CPE viral RNA

33
Q

Age for Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis

A

2-5 years of age

34
Q

3 conditions that predispose a cow to metritis

A
  1. Dystocia
  2. Over feeding in dry period
  3. Ca-P imbalance in feed
35
Q

Dates for slip, placentomes, and fremitus

A

S: 30-35d
P: 70-75d
F: 120-150d

36
Q

How do you diagnose Bovine Leukemia Virus?

A

ELISA

37
Q

Campylobacter fetus ssp venerealis

A
  • great variation in gestation, low preg rates
  • mucopurulent endometritis; males don’t show CS

Dx: VMAT, ELISA

Tx: streptomycin; AI

38
Q

Brucellosis tags

A

R ear in HEIFER calves

DOCUMENTATION

39
Q

What do we see with lepto abortions

A

diffuse placentitis: avascular light tan cotyledons and edematous, yellowish intercotyledonary areas

40
Q

abortion with brucella

A

intercodylenary area is focally thickened with a wet leathery appearance

-cotyledons can be normal to necrotic and red or yellow

41
Q

mycotic abortion

A
  • leathery intercodylenary areas
  • severe and necrotizing placentitis
  • enlarged necrotic cotyledons with turned in margins
  • *abortions from 4 mos to term
42
Q

Trueperella pyogenes

A
  • diffuse endometritis and placentitis that is reddish brown to brown
  • autolyzed fetus with fibrinous pericarditis, pleuritis or peritonitis
43
Q

Trichomonas abortion

A

-hemorrhagic cotyledons and flocculant exudate

44
Q

listeria abortion

A

white necrotic foci in liver and/or cotyledons

45
Q

Which bacteria would you see with endocarditis?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

46
Q

What are 7 things that can can predispose a cow to retained fetal membranes?

A
  1. dystocia
  2. short gestation or longer gestation
  3. male calves or twins
  4. older cows
  5. hypocalcemia
  6. induction with dexamethasone
  7. uterine torsion, placentits

NAVLE-HUMA (10 decks)

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