population unit 1 Flashcards
factors causing increased population
In LEDCS:
-children being needed to work for increased family income
- lack of family planning available
- contraception and birth control is not widely available
-cultural norm to have large families
- counter high infant mortality rate
- women are less career focused
- sufficient care for elderlies
Worldwide:
- more births than deaths
-improved medical knowledge
- better quality housing
- improved food nutrition
carrying capacity
the number of people, animals or crops which a region can support without environmental degradation
optimum population
density of the population which the given resources and skills, produces the maximum economic welfare or allow the highest standard of living
consequences of over population
- strained resources–> food, water and space
-difficulty providing amenities - increased tax revenue
-intense competition for land - more competition for jobs
-heavy traffic congestion
-high house prices-
-increased levels of poverty-higher levels of unemployment
-food insecurity/scarcity
causes of under population
- diseases/ pandemics
-emigration
-crop failure, scarcity of food - high death rates
- low fertility rate
-lack of migration
consequences of under population
- lack of workforce
-lower productivity - reduces tax–> difficulty paying for services
- villages become uninhabited
- job vacancy
- schools close down
- idle resources
- businesses close down
-problems a large dependent population causes
- burden on economically active
-higher dependency ratio - not make money
- food has to be provided
- pressure on working population
- tax increase –> dont pay tax
- cost of providing pensions is high
- cost of services will increase
- cost of social care/ child care will increase
- need to attract workers from abroad
- lack of workforce
-difficulty defending country –> lack of potential soldiers
how has china addressed their high population issue?
-one child policy (anti- natalist policy)
- caused aging population
- first birth control programme in 1956
- started in 1980 and ended in 2016
- optimum population is 700 million, hope to be achieved by 2080
what is population density?
amount of people in a square KM
how does climate influence population density?
- cold climates increase cost due to need to heat homes
- hot climates are uncomfortable, cost of AC
- difficult to grow crops in hot and cold climates
- flooding risk is detrimental to housing, transport and communications
- frequent droughts leads to health issues and crop failure
how did France address its low population issue?
- pro- natalist policy
- introduced in 1939
- code de la famille
- longer maternity leave
- higher child benefits
- improved tax allowances until youngest child turns 18
- 30% reduction on all public transport for 3 child families
reasons for low birth rates in EMDCs
-women are more career focused
- later marriages
- children are seen as financial burden
- improved infant care
-improved education
- family planning
- changes in social norms
types of migration
-international
- internal
- forced
- economic voluntary
immigration
the international movement of people to a destination country which they are not natives
emigration
the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle somewhere else
