earthquakes and volcanoes Flashcards

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1
Q

convection currents

A

causes the crusts plates to move together, pull apart and push past one another

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2
Q

constructive (divergent) plate boundary

A

two plates move apart from eachother, causing sea-floor spreading, new oceanic crust is formed e.g. mid atlantic ridge

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3
Q

convergent (destructive) plate boundary

A

the oceanic crust moves towards continental crust and is forced underneath continental crust since oceanic crust is denser, deep sea trenches and island arcs are formed

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4
Q

conservative plate boundary

A

two plate slip sideways past each other

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5
Q

caldera volcano

A

a large mass with a crater where the summit would be

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6
Q

composite volcano

A

triangular, pyramidal in shape

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7
Q

shield volcano

A

low, wide not as distinct

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8
Q

fisher volcano

A

long and narrow, may appear like a crack in the ground

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9
Q

distrubution of volanoes

A

-3/4 of the wolrds active volcanoes are located in the pacific ring of fire
-most of them are under the ocean

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10
Q

impact of volcanic eruption

A

-crop failure
-mudslides
-floods
-wildfires
-drinking water contamination
-power outages
-human illness
-animal death
-destruction- pyroclastic flow
-human death- burns and injuries

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11
Q

impact of earthquakes

A

-interuption of water supplies
-destruction of infrastructure
-breakage of sewage disposal systems
-loss of public utilities, electricty, gas
-floods from collaspased dams
-release of hazardous material
-fires
-spread of chronic illeness
-tsunamis
-landslides and rockfall
-mudflows and debris flows

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12
Q

benefits of voclanoes

A

-tourism
-fertiles soi l from volcanic ash, increases profit for farmers, high yield crops
-geothermal energy can be harnessed
-minerals in lava, gold and diamond, can be mined to make money
-buildings can be made from lava rock, building materials
-land formation

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13
Q

process of a volcanic eruption

A

-as a result of convection currents and plate tectonics, magma and pressure builds up within the magma chamber
-earthquakes takes place in surrounding area
-acidity of surrounding water increases, relases of gas, water is undrinkable
-increase of amount of harmful gases in atmosphere
-pressure on volcanoes, shape is altered
-steam vent will burst
-pressure will trigger explosion, releases all force

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14
Q

predicting volcanoes

A

-seisometers
-chemical sensors, measure increased sulfur levels
-lasers, detects physical swelling of volcano
-ultrasound, monitor low frequency waves in magman

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15
Q

how are safe houses built

A

-light roofs
-reinforced walls
-light walls and gables
-small windows
-shock absorbers
-confined masonry

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16
Q

eruption mt st helens

A

-may 18th 1980
-5.1 magnitude earthquake, largest landslide in history
-57 deaths
-landslide torn 1300 feet off the side, a crater of 20,000 feet
-cost of damage:3.4 billion USD
-wahsington USA

17
Q

japan earthquake

A

-march 11th 20211
-magnitude 9.1
-19,759 deaths
-cost of damage: 220 billion USD
-plate boundary: destructive plate boundary
-located 100km off the coast
-coastline dropped by 1 meter