industry topic 3.3 Flashcards
What is the primary sector of industry?
The primary sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, such as agriculture, mining, and fishing.
True or False: The secondary sector includes manufacturing and construction.
True
Fill in the blank: The ______ sector provides services rather than goods.
tertiary
What is meant by ‘deindustrialization’?
Deindustrialization refers to the decline of manufacturing industries and the reduction of industrial activity in a region.
What are ‘footloose industries’?
Footloose industries are industries that can be located anywhere due to their low transportation costs and minimal resource requirements.
factor that influences the location of an industry.
Availability of raw materials, labor, transportation, market access, or government policies, site, quality of life, energy, climate, natural railways and harbours, and capital
Which industry is typically considered part of the tertiary sector?
Retail, healthcare, education, and finance are examples of tertiary sector industries.
True or False: The quaternary sector involves knowledge-based services.
True
What is the significance of ‘localization economies’?
Localization economies refer to the cost advantages that firms experience by being close to their suppliers and customers in a specific area.
True or False: All industries are equally affected by globalization.
False
What is the impact of government policy on industrial location?
Government policies can influence industrial location through incentives, regulations, and infrastructure development.
industrial agglomeration
the clustering together of economic activites, can result in companies enjoying the benefits of external economies of scale. This means the the lowering of a firms cost due to external factrs
industrial estate
an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development
influences on location
-scale of production
-methods of norganisation
-product range or products manufactured
case study
Manufacturing Industry: Pakistan’s Iron & Steel Industry
footlose industries
have a much wider choice of location, assembly industries (put together parts and components that have been made elsewhere)
High-tech industry
-High-tech companies are involved in research and development, aerospace technology, weapons guidance systems, medical robotics, software, computer hardware, and other technically advanced products
High-tech industries are usually grouped together in science parks
Usually close to the university or a research centre with good security systems
Purpose built to encourage research and development (R&D), high-tech industries and other quaternary activities
Close to transport networks (including airports) to allow for knowledge transfer
Further away from housing estates and retail parks to reduce sound, air and visual pollution
Location-case study
Pipri, near Gharo Creek, Flat, cheap land near Port Qasim, which has a natural harbour to import raw materials and export steel
Close to market: steel-using industries in Karachi, such as tool making
Along a railway: Karachi-Pipri-Kotri and metalled road
inputs case study
Iron ore
Coke
Limestone
Scrap iron
Water required for making steel brought from Lake Haleji
Economic assistance from Russia: technical expertise and capital
Availability of cheap labour from Karachi
Energy source from Pipri thermal power station and Karachi nuclear power station
processes case study
Heating of ore to separate iron
Burning coke
Rolling into sheets and cutting into lengths
Output case study
Cast iron and pig iron
Slag
Gases: sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulphide
Impact case study
Noise pollution from machinery
Visual pollution due to large, ugly factory buildings
Air pollution from burning iron ore
Water pollution from contaminated cooling water, scrubber effluent and ships supplying raw materials
Depleted fresh water supplies
Risk of fire and explosions
manufacturing industry
produces goods taht are physically used by customers
processing industry
turns raw materials into other materials used in manufacturing
assembly industry
using materials and a design scheme to put together a finished product
high-tech industry
soecialised industries that mostly do research but often have s,all sections dedicated to each of the 3 normal types of industry
explain how the location of a manufacturing industry may be influenced by political factors
-government encourage industrial growth in some areas
-lower tax rates
-availability of grants/subsides
-government may offer low interest loans
-infrastructure/ready build sites provided
explain how TNCs can bring both advnatges and disadvanatges to LEDC
Advantages:
-employment
-skills development
-improvement in electricty and water supply
Disadvanatges:
-low pay
-exploitation
-traffic congestion
-competition for local industry
explain why the percentage of the population employed in a manufacturing industry changes as a country develops
-higher deman for products due to a higher qualty of life
-higher mechanisation means lower employment
-greater accesibility to low skilled labour
-increasing wealth means that the economy becomes more based on the tertiary sector
-may be cheaper to import rather than manufacture
explain why manufacturing industries remain important in some areas even though the original advantages of those locations no longer exist
-relocating indusries may be expensive and excessive
-government policy
-the area may have a reputation
-skilled labour
