industry topic 3.3

Question 1

What is the primary sector of industry?

Answer 1

The primary sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, such as agriculture, mining, and fishing.

Question 2

True or False: The secondary sector includes manufacturing and construction.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The ______ sector provides services rather than goods.

Answer 3

tertiary

Question 4

What is meant by ‘deindustrialization’?

Answer 4

Deindustrialization refers to the decline of manufacturing industries and the reduction of industrial activity in a region.

Question 5

What are ‘footloose industries’?

Answer 5

Footloose industries are industries that can be located anywhere due to their low transportation costs and minimal resource requirements.

Question 6

factor that influences the location of an industry.

Answer 6

Availability of raw materials, labor, transportation, market access, or government policies, site, quality of life, energy, climate, natural railways and harbours, and capital

Question 7

Which industry is typically considered part of the tertiary sector?

Answer 7

Retail, healthcare, education, and finance are examples of tertiary sector industries.

Question 8

True or False: The quaternary sector involves knowledge-based services.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the significance of ‘localization economies’?

Answer 9

Localization economies refer to the cost advantages that firms experience by being close to their suppliers and customers in a specific area.

Question 10

True or False: All industries are equally affected by globalization.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What is the impact of government policy on industrial location?

Answer 11

Government policies can influence industrial location through incentives, regulations, and infrastructure development.

Question 12

industrial agglomeration

Answer 12

the clustering together of economic activites, can result in companies enjoying the benefits of external economies of scale. This means the the lowering of a firms cost due to external factrs

Question 13

industrial estate

Answer 13

an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development

Question 14

influences on location

Answer 14

-scale of production
-methods of norganisation
-product range or products manufactured

Question 15

case study

Answer 15

Manufacturing Industry: Pakistan’s Iron & Steel Industry

Question 16

footlose industries

Answer 16

have a much wider choice of location, assembly industries (put together parts and components that have been made elsewhere)

Question 17

High-tech industry

Answer 17

-High-tech companies are involved in research and development, aerospace technology, weapons guidance systems, medical robotics, software, computer hardware, and other technically advanced products

High-tech industries are usually grouped together in science parks

Usually close to the university or a research centre with good security systems

Purpose built to encourage research and development (R&D), high-tech industries and other quaternary activities

Close to transport networks (including airports) to allow for knowledge transfer

Further away from housing estates and retail parks to reduce sound, air and visual pollution

Question 18

Location-case study

Answer 18

Pipri, near Gharo Creek, Flat, cheap land near Port Qasim, which has a natural harbour to import raw materials and export steel

Close to market: steel-using industries in Karachi, such as tool making

Along a railway: Karachi-Pipri-Kotri and metalled road

Question 19

inputs case study

Answer 19

Iron ore

Coke

Limestone

Scrap iron

Water required for making steel brought from Lake Haleji

Economic assistance from Russia: technical expertise and capital

Availability of cheap labour from Karachi

Energy source from Pipri thermal power station and Karachi nuclear power station

Question 20

processes case study

Answer 20

Heating of ore to separate iron

Burning coke

Rolling into sheets and cutting into lengths

Question 21

Output case study

Answer 21

Cast iron and pig iron

Slag

Gases: sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulphide

Question 22

Impact case study

Answer 22

Noise pollution from machinery

Visual pollution due to large, ugly factory buildings

Air pollution from burning iron ore

Water pollution from contaminated cooling water, scrubber effluent and ships supplying raw materials

Depleted fresh water supplies

Risk of fire and explosions

Question 23

manufacturing industry

Answer 23

produces goods taht are physically used by customers

Question 24

processing industry

Answer 24

turns raw materials into other materials used in manufacturing

Question 25

assembly industry

Answer 25

using materials and a design scheme to put together a finished product

Question 26

high-tech industry

Answer 26

soecialised industries that mostly do research but often have s,all sections dedicated to each of the 3 normal types of industry

Question 27

explain how the location of a manufacturing industry may be influenced by political factors

Answer 27

-government encourage industrial growth in some areas -lower tax rates -availability of grants/subsides -government may offer low interest loans -infrastructure/ready build sites provided

Question 28

explain how TNCs can bring both advnatges and disadvanatges to LEDC

Answer 28

Advantages: -employment -skills development -improvement in electricty and water supply Disadvanatges: -low pay -exploitation -traffic congestion -competition for local industry

Question 29

explain why the percentage of the population employed in a manufacturing industry changes as a country develops

Answer 29

-higher deman for products due to a higher qualty of life -higher mechanisation means lower employment -greater accesibility to low skilled labour -increasing wealth means that the economy becomes more based on the tertiary sector -may be cheaper to import rather than manufacture

Question 30

explain why manufacturing industries remain important in some areas even though the original advantages of those locations no longer exist

Answer 30

-relocating indusries may be expensive and excessive -government policy -the area may have a reputation -skilled labour