food production Flashcards

1
Q

arable farming

A

cultivate crops and are not involved with livestock

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2
Q

pastoral farming

A

keep livestock such as dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and pigs

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3
Q

mixed farming

A

involves cultivating crops and keeping livestock together on a farm

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4
Q

subsistence farming

A

most basic form of agriculture, in which produce is consumed entirely or mainly by the family who work the land or tend the livestock

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5
Q

commercial farming

A

to sell everything that the farm produces
the aim is to maximise yields in order to achive the highest profits possible

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6
Q

extensive farming

A

low inputs of capital and labour compared with large amount of land used. low yield.

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7
Q

intensive farming

A

high inputs of capital and labour compared with small amount of land used. high yield.

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8
Q

horticulture

A

growing flowers/shrubs/trees

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9
Q

market garden

A

growing fruit and vegetables commercially on a small scale

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10
Q

organic farming

A

does not use manufactured chemicals, so production is without the use of chemical fertilisers, pestacides, intesticides and herbacides
-animal and green manures are used along with mineral fertilisers

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11
Q

inputs:

A

factors that go into a farm

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12
Q

processes

A

activities that take place on a farm to convert inputs to outputs

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13
Q

ouputs:

A

the products made on the farm

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14
Q

physical causes of lack of food

A

drought
floods
pests and disease
climate
overpopulation

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15
Q

economic causes of lack of food

A

low capital investment

poor distribution or transport difficulties

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16
Q

political causes of lack of food

A

war/conflict

17
Q

what do factory farms and market gardens require

A

large inputs of energy.

18
Q

what does shifting cultivation require

A

good - quality soils and flat land

19
Q

what do commercial farms require

A

large areas of land for machines to plough and irrigate. warmer temperatures desirable.

20
Q

what are colder climates with poor quality soils often used for

A

nomadic herding

21
Q

impacts of food shortages

A

food insecurity
famine
soil erosion
rising prices/inflation
social unrest

22
Q

Examples of physical inputs for an arable farm

A

Seeds
Capital and machinery
Fertilisers and pesticides

23
Q

Example of a human input for an arable farm

24
Q

Examples of processes for an arable farm

A

Ploughing
Weeding
Harvesting

25
Q

Examples of outputs for an arable farm

A

Wheat

Rice

26
Q

Physical inputs of a pastoral farm

A

Animals

Gentle relief

27
Q

Processes of a pastoral farm

A

Shearing

Dairying

28
Q

Outputs of a pastoral farm

A

Wool and hides
Manure
Milk

29
Q

possible solution to food shortages

A

-relief food aid:delivered directly to people in crisis
-programme food aid:provided to the government of a country for sale in local markets
-project food aid: targeted at specific groups of people as part of longer term of people as part of longer-term development work

30
Q

green revolution

A

-package of agriculture improvments
-as the answer to the food problems in many parts of the developing world
-India: first countries to benefit when a high-yielding variety seed programme started 1966-67

31
Q

case study agricultural system

A

-intensive rice production in lower ganges valley
-india, bangladesh
-temperatures of 21 degrees
-monsoon rainfall of over 2000mm
-dry season for harvesting the rice

32
Q

case study food shortage

A

-sudan and south sudan
-2011, long civil war (lasted 20 years) caused droughts

33
Q

physical factors of famine in sudan

A

-long term decline of rainfaill in south sudan
-increased rainfall variability
-increased use of marginal land leading to degradation
-flooding

34
Q

social factors of famine in sudan

A

-high population growth
-high female illteracy rates
-poor infant health
-increased threats of AIDS

35
Q

argicultural factors of famine in sudan

A

-low and falling use of fertiliser
-lack of food surplus for use in a crisis
-static or falling crop yields

36
Q

economic or political factors of famine in sudan

A

-high dependency on farming of labpur force
-dependency on food imports
-limited access to markets to buy food or infrastructure to distrubute it
-debt limit social and economic spending
-high military spending