food production

Question 1

arable farming

Answer 1

cultivate crops and are not involved with livestock

Question 2

pastoral farming

Answer 2

keep livestock such as dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and pigs

Question 3

mixed farming

Answer 3

involves cultivating crops and keeping livestock together on a farm

Question 4

subsistence farming

Answer 4

most basic form of agriculture, in which produce is consumed entirely or mainly by the family who work the land or tend the livestock

Question 5

commercial farming

Answer 5

to sell everything that the farm produces
the aim is to maximise yields in order to achive the highest profits possible

Question 6

extensive farming

Answer 6

low inputs of capital and labour compared with large amount of land used. low yield.

Question 7

intensive farming

Answer 7

high inputs of capital and labour compared with small amount of land used. high yield.

Question 8

horticulture

Answer 8

growing flowers/shrubs/trees

Question 9

market garden

Answer 9

growing fruit and vegetables commercially on a small scale

Question 10

organic farming

Answer 10

does not use manufactured chemicals, so production is without the use of chemical fertilisers, pestacides, intesticides and herbacides
-animal and green manures are used along with mineral fertilisers

Question 11

inputs:

Answer 11

factors that go into a farm

Question 12

processes

Answer 12

activities that take place on a farm to convert inputs to outputs

Question 13

ouputs:

Answer 13

the products made on the farm

Question 14

physical causes of lack of food

Answer 14

drought
floods
pests and disease
climate
overpopulation

Question 15

economic causes of lack of food

Answer 15

low capital investment

poor distribution or transport difficulties

Question 16

political causes of lack of food

Answer 16

war/conflict

Question 17

what do factory farms and market gardens require

Answer 17

large inputs of energy.

Question 18

what does shifting cultivation require

Answer 18

good - quality soils and flat land

Question 19

what do commercial farms require

Answer 19

large areas of land for machines to plough and irrigate. warmer temperatures desirable.

Question 20

what are colder climates with poor quality soils often used for

Answer 20

nomadic herding

Question 21

impacts of food shortages

Answer 21

food insecurity
famine
soil erosion
rising prices/inflation
social unrest

Question 22

Examples of physical inputs for an arable farm

Answer 22

Seeds
Capital and machinery
Fertilisers and pesticides

Question 23

Example of a human input for an arable farm

Answer 23

Labour

Question 24

Examples of processes for an arable farm

Answer 24

Ploughing
Weeding
Harvesting

Question 25

Examples of outputs for an arable farm

Answer 25

Wheat Rice

Question 26

Physical inputs of a pastoral farm

Answer 26

Animals Gentle relief

Question 27

Processes of a pastoral farm

Answer 27

Shearing Dairying

Question 28

Outputs of a pastoral farm

Answer 28

Wool and hides Manure Milk

Question 29

possible solution to food shortages

Answer 29

-relief food aid:delivered directly to people in crisis -programme food aid:provided to the government of a country for sale in local markets -project food aid: targeted at specific groups of people as part of longer term of people as part of longer-term development work

Question 30

green revolution

Answer 30

-package of agriculture improvments -as the answer to the food problems in many parts of the developing world -India: first countries to benefit when a high-yielding variety seed programme started 1966-67

Question 31

case study agricultural system

Answer 31

-intensive rice production in lower ganges valley -india, bangladesh -temperatures of 21 degrees -monsoon rainfall of over 2000mm -dry season for harvesting the rice

Question 32

case study food shortage

Answer 32

-sudan and south sudan -2011, long civil war (lasted 20 years) caused droughts

Question 33

physical factors of famine in sudan

Answer 33

-long term decline of rainfaill in south sudan -increased rainfall variability -increased use of marginal land leading to degradation -flooding

Question 34

social factors of famine in sudan

Answer 34

-high population growth -high female illteracy rates -poor infant health -increased threats of AIDS

Question 35

argicultural factors of famine in sudan

Answer 35

-low and falling use of fertiliser -lack of food surplus for use in a crisis -static or falling crop yields

Question 36

economic or political factors of famine in sudan

Answer 36

-high dependency on farming of labpur force -dependency on food imports -limited access to markets to buy food or infrastructure to distrubute it -debt limit social and economic spending -high military spending

Question 37

explain how agricultural output can be increased

Answer 37

-fertilisers -pestacides -crop roatations, prevents soil exhaustion and to comtrol weeds, pests and diseases -irrigation, applying controlled amounts of water to nourish the crops and the soil -vetinary help for animals, to ensure livestock is healthy to increase output of safe to consume animal products