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Community Ecology > Population Growth and Density Dependence > Flashcards

Population Growth and Density Dependence Flashcards

1
Q

Recognized that the tremendous capacity for
population increase could not be maintained in an
environment with limited resources

A

THOMAS MALTHUS

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2
Q

He argued that populations inevitably expand until they
outgrow their available food supply, causing the population growth to be reversed by disease, famine, war, or calamity.

A

THOMAS MALTHUS

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3
Q

He is also known for developing an exponential formula used to forecast population growth, which is currently known as the Malthusian growth model.

A

THOMAS MALTHUS

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4
Q

Malthus argued that populations inevitably expand until they
____________, causing the population
growth to be reversed by disease, famine, war, or calamity.

A

Outgrow their available food supply

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5
Q

He was
influenced by the English clergyman Thomas Malthus, who published his book in 1798 stating that populations with
abundant natural resources grow very rapidly. However, they limit further growth by depleting their resources.

A

CHARLES DARWIN

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6
Q

Developed the theory of natural selection.

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

It states that individuals will compete, with
members of their own or other species, for limited resources.

A

“Struggle for existence”

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8
Q

The successful ones are more likely to survive and pass on the
traits that made them successful to the next generation at a
greater rate.

A

Natural Selection

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9
Q

He said that “Population growth underlies most ecological problems of
interest, such as the dynamics of diseases, competition, and the
structure and dynamics of communities.”

A

WILLIAM MURDOCH

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10
Q

Is essential to long-term species persistence and is still the
central dynamical question in ecology.

A

Population regulation

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11
Q

This formula allows us to determine the rate of population change
with respect to certain variables - including population size, births, deaths, per
capita growth rate, and carrying capacity.

A

Population growth

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12
Q

Population Growth formula

A

dN/dt = B - D

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13
Q

Exponential Growth formula

A

dN/dt = rmax N

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14
Q

Logistic Growth

A

dN/dt = rmax N (K-N/K)

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15
Q

One way to determine how much a population size has
changed is to subtract the number of deaths from births if the data is given

A

POPULATION GROWTH

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16
Q

In this growth, the population grows as if there are unlimited
resources.

A

EXPONENTIAL POPULATION GROWTH

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17
Q

A population growth that levels off as population size
approaches carrying capacity, K.

A

LOGISTIC POPULATION GROWTH

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18
Q

Maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources in an
environment.

A

Carrying capacity (K)

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19
Q

A more realistic representation of how populations
grow.

A

Logistic growth model

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20
Q

Limiting factors that include temperature, sunlight, water and pH.

A

ABIOTIC

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21
Q

Limiting factors that include competition for resources,
predation, diseases

A

BIOTIC

22
Q

Limiting factors that are not influenced by population size or density.

A

Density-independent factors

23
Q

These factors can affect populations regardless of their size or density.

A

Density-independent factors

24
Q

Limiting factors that are influenced by the size or density of a population.

A

Density-dependent factors

25
Q

As the population size increases, these factors become more
important and can limit population growth.

A

Density-dependent factors

26
Q

Happens when the rate of population growth
decreases as population density increases.

A

Negative density dependence

27
Q

Occurs when the population growth rate increases as population density decreases.

A

Positive density dependence

28
Q

Is the struggle between two organisms for the same
resources within an environment.

A

Ecological competition

29
Q

is the competition for limited resources between
individuals of the same species.

A

Intraspecific competition

30
Q

is the competition for limited resources between
individuals of different species

A

Interspecific competition

31
Q

These are the Density-dependent factors:

A

*Competition
*Predation
* DISEASES

32
Q

involves the threatening of a prey population by a predator, keeping
their numbers low

A

Predation

33
Q

are considered density-dependent limiting factors
because as population density increases, they are able to spread more easily
within the population, eventually leading to a decrease in population growth.

A

Diseases and parasitism

34
Q

a highly
contagious viral disease that affects both
domestic pigs and wild boars.

A

African Swine Fever (ASF)

35
Q

Similarities of exponential growth and logistic growth

A

*Both describe the growth of a population.
*Both depend on the size of the population.

36
Q

Differences of exponential growth and logistic growth

A

*EG refers to a growth whose rate is proportional to the size of the population over a specific period of time.

*LG refers to a population growth whose rate
decreases with the increasing number of individuals and it becomes zero when the
population becomes its maximum

37
Q

refers to a growth whose rate is proportional to the size of the population over a specific period of time.

A

Exponential growth of a population

38
Q

Refers to a population growth whose rate
decreases with the increasing number of individuals and it becomes zero when the
population becomes its maximum.

A

Logistic growth

39
Q

The growth curve of the exponential growth

A

J-shaped

40
Q

The growth curve of the logistic growth

A

Sigmoid

41
Q

In population status, The population crash occurs due to the mass mortality

A

Exponential Growth

42
Q

In population status, The population crash occurs very rarely during the logistic growth.

A

Logistic Growth

43
Q

It lacks any upper limit

A

Exponential Growth

44
Q

consists of an upper limit called the carrying capacity

A

Logistic Growth

45
Q

does not frequently reach a stationary
phase

A

Exponential Growth

46
Q

It reaches a stationary phase

A

Logistic Growth

47
Q

occurs when the resources are plentiful

A

Exponential Growth

48
Q

occurs when the resources are limited.

A

Logistic Growth

49
Q

depends on the size of the population

A

Exponential Growth

50
Q

depends on the size of the population, competition
and the amount of resources

A

Logistic Growth

Community Ecology (10 decks)

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