Fundamentals of COMPETITIVE INTERACTION Flashcards
is most commonly characterized as the interaction of individuals competing for a
limited supply of a common resource.
Competition
is any substance which can
lead to increased population growth rates
as its availability in the environment is
increased, and which is consumed by an
organism.
Resource
A __________ contributes positively to
the growth rate of the consumer
population;
resource
a _____________ is consumed (and is
thus made unavailable to other
individuals or species).
resource
occurs when one species restricts another
species’ access to a limiting resource.
Interference Competition
A competition may involve overt
aggression between individuals (e.g., territorial
defense), or it may simply involve occupying a
space to the exclusion of another individual.
Interference Competition
are an effective form of
interference competition that occurs between
species of animals
Aggressive Interaction
occurs when organisms use chemicals to
interfere with their competitors
Allelopathy
They release chemical compounds
(allelochemicals) from their roots into the soil which
suppress or even kill the neighboring plants when they are
absorbed by the plants.
Allelopathic plants
Chemical compounds that were being release by allelopathic plants
Allelochemicals
Some allelochemicals change the
amount of __________________ in a plant and thus, they
slow down or stop the photosynthesis process of that plant
which ultimately leads to the suppression or death of that
plant.
chlorophyll production
In what forms or states does the allelopathic plants releases the allelochemicals?
Gaseous forms
This can be used as natural herbicides or
pesticides.
Allelochemicals
INTERFERENCE COMPETITION:
ALLELOPATHY
Example:
Black Walnut (juglans nigra) producing
___________ – an aromatic organic compound that
inhibits certain enzymes in other plants.
juglone
This competition occurs when individuals interact indirectly as they compete for common
resources, like territory, prey or food. Simply put, the use of the resource by one individual will
decrease the amount available for other individuals.
Exploitation competition / Exploitative competition
This form of competition typically rewards those organisms
who claim the resource first.
Exploitative competition
This form of competition occurs when
two individuals that do not directly
compete for resources affect each
other indirectly by being prey for
the same predator
Apparent competition
6 Mechanisms of Competition
- Consumption
- Pre-emption
- Overgrowth
- Chemical Interaction
- Territoriality
- Encounter Competition
Form of competition that happens when one species inhibits another by consuming a shared resource.
Consumptive Competition
occurs primarily among sessile
organisms, and results when a physical
resource, such as open space required for
settlement, is occupied by one organism
and made unavailable to others
Pre-emptive Competition
Occurs when individuals of one species
grow over individuals of other species,
inhibiting access to a resource
Overgrowth Competition
amounts to chemical
warfare between competitors, where
chemical growth inhibitors or toxins
produced by some species inhibit or kill
other species.
Chemical Competition
results from the
aggressive behavioral exclusion of
organisms from specific units of space that
are defended as territories.
Territorial competition
results when non - territorial
encounters between foraging
individuals result in negative effects
on one or both of the interacting
individuals
Encounter Competition
