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Community Ecology > Communities: Basic patterns and Elementary Processes > Flashcards

Communities: Basic patterns and Elementary Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Major Community

A

Self-sustaining and regulating

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2
Q

Makes up major communities;
rely on interactions with other
communities.

A

Minor Community

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3
Q

It examines interactions between species in groups over a wide range of temporal and spatial
scales, including distribution, population dynamics, structure, abundance, and demography.

A

Community Ecology

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4
Q

Community ecology primarily focuses on the ______________ as influenced
by particular genotypic and phenotypic traits

A

interactions among populations

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5
Q

defined by discrete habitat
boundaries

A

Physically defined
Communities

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6
Q

The Physically defined
Communities includes asemblages of species found in a particular place or habitat. An example of this is ___________.

A

Biomes

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7
Q

usually recognized by the presence of one or
more conspicuous species that dominate the
community

A

Taxonomically defined Communities

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8
Q

consist of sets of species whose abundances are significantly correlated

A

Statistically defined Communities

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9
Q
  • consist of subsets of species in a particular place or habitat whose interactions significantly
    influence their abundances.
A

Interactively defined Communities

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10
Q

a
dynamic interactive
system of interdependent
populations

A

Community

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11
Q

Assemblage of populations
that live in environment and
interact, forming a distinct
living system with its own
composition, structure,
environmental relations,
development, and functions

A

Community

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12
Q

Examines interactions between species in groups over a wide range of temporal and spatial
scales, including distribution, population dynamics, structure, abundance, and demography.

A

Community Ecology

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13
Q

includes assemblages of
species found in a particular
place or habitat

A

Physically defined
Communities

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14
Q

defined by discrete habitat
boundaries

A

Physically defined
Communities

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15
Q

Give 5 examples of BIOMES

A

*Tropical rain forests
*Temperate rain forest
*Taiga forests
*Savannas
*Tundra
*Deserts
*Coral reefs

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16
Q

usually recognized by the presence of one or
more conspicuous species that dominate the
community

A

Taxonomically defined Communities

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17
Q

consist of sets of species whose abundances are significantly correlated

A

Statistically defined Communities

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18
Q

consist of subsets of species in a particular place or habitat whose interactions significantly
influence their abundances

A

Interactively defined Communities

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19
Q

Biotic Elements of Communities

A

*Autotrophs
*Heterotrophs
*Decomposers

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20
Q

manufacture their own food using energy from
the sun to perform photosynthesis

A

Autotrophs (primary producers)

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21
Q

obtain their nutrition from other organisms

A

Heterotrophs (consumers)

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22
Q

consume dead plant or animal material

A

Decomposers

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23
Q

total number of different species in a community

A

Species Richness

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24
Q

calculated simply by recording the number of different species in an area

A

Species Richness

25
Q

number of different species present in a community and relative abundance of each of
those species

A

Diversity

26
Q

It’s based on Claude Shannon’s formula for entropy
and estimates species diversity

A

Shannon diversity index

27
Q

The index takes into account the number of species living
in a habitat (________) and their relative abundance (_________).

A

*richness
*evenness

28
Q

It break down the tissues and other organic
matter which has not been consumed by animals higher
in the food chain

A

*Decomposers
*Detritivores

29
Q

These organisms (decomposers and detritivores) recycle the
nutrients back into the soil, playing a vitally important role in the _______ and _______ cycles

A

*carbon
*nitrogen

30
Q

-Some species exert a more _______ influence
over the function and structure of the community
than others

A

dominant

31
Q

(May be) responsible for modifying the conditions
of abiotic conditions of a habitat

A

Dominance

32
Q

(May be due) to physical size, population number,
or activities that has impact upon other organisms
or environment

A

Dominance

33
Q

3 Main Forms of Interdependence

A
  1. Nutritional interdependence
  2. Reproductive interdependence
  3. Protective interdependence
34
Q

describes the transfer
of energy and nutrients through feeding

A

Nutritional interdependence

35
Q

is when certain
species is only able to reproduce on a particular
substrate and are therefore dependent on the presence of this within the community

A

Reproductive interdependence

36
Q

is observed when an
organism require a level of shelter and rely on other
organisms within the community

A

Protective interdependence

37
Q

The process by which the
mix of species and habitat changes over time.

A

Ecological succession

38
Q

Succession stops temporarily when a “______”
community forms.

A

climax

39
Q

the initial colonization of a
bare landscape which has not been previously
occupied

A

Primary succession

40
Q

During this succession, organisms
must start from scratch.

A

Primary succession

41
Q

is the “endpoint” of succession within the context of a particular climate and
geography.

A

Climax community

42
Q

This community will persist in a given location until a disturbance occurs

A

Climax community

43
Q

occurs where a community
has existed previously but has been removed from a
landscape

A

Secondary succession

44
Q

Happens when a climax or intermediate
community is impacted by a disturbance.

A

Secondary succession

45
Q

Restarts the cycle of succession, but not back to
the beginning – soil and nutrients still present.

A

Secondary Succession

46
Q

Refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can encompass the
evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life.

A

Biodiversity

47
Q

SAR

A

Species-area relationship

48
Q

Large areas contain more species than small areas

A

Area and Species Richness

49
Q

Species richness, at broad spatial scales, tends to increase with an increase in primary
productivity

A

Productivity and Species Richness

50
Q

At smaller spatial scales, the relationship between productivity and species richness is
more varied; both ______ and ________ relationships occur

A

*positive
*negative

51
Q

higher species diversity lead to ___________.

A

higher ecosystem productivity

52
Q

2 Mechanisms underlying Diversity-Productivity relationship

A
  1. Niche complementarity
  2. Species selection
53
Q

occurs when species differ in the way they use limiting
resources

A

Niche complementarity

54
Q

this lead to increased productivity with increased species richness
if diverse communities are more likely to contain more productive species that come to dominate the community

A

Species selection

55
Q

total biomass or total species abundance

A

Temporal stability of communities

56
Q

communities that are more resistant to invasion by exotic species than are less diverse communities, but this “biotic resistance” does not allow
them to repel invaders indenitely or at larger spatial scales

A

Species-rich experimental

57
Q

It tends to
be greater in more diverse communities due to asynchrony in species responses to
environmental fluctuations

A

Temporal stability of communities

58
Q

a measure of disorder and affects all aspects of our daily lives.

A

entropy

Community Ecology (10 decks)

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