Population genetics Flashcards
Population
a group of potentially interbreeding organisms of the same species
Populations may have…
groups whose members are more likely to breed with each other.
Gene pool
the sum total of all alleles in the population
variation
individuals are not all the same
hereditiy
offspring resemble parents more than unrelated individuals
measurement of genetic variation
allele frequency
Calculating allele frequencies
Hardy-Weinberg equation
Prerequisites of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
- random sampling
- large N (population size)
- no immigration between populations
- negligible mutation
- selection does not effect alleles being considered
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
p^2 + q^2 + 2pq = 1
X^2 test
(Obs-Exp)^2/Exp
4 main forces that cause populations to evolve
- mutation
- migration
- drift
- selection
Selection on recessive alleles is efficient or inefficient?
very inefficient
because when allele arises, it is is virtually always in heterozygotes
SNPs
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
TRUE/FALSE
microsatellite DNA mutates more quickly than SNPs
TRUE
Haplotype
the combination of alleles for two or more linked markers, on a single individual chromosome
