Adaptation and Selection - views of people and development (-> evolution)

Question 1

Carolus Linnaeus (1700s)

Answer 1

laid foundation for modern taxonomy and binomial nomenclature

Question 2

Immanuel Kant (late 1700s)

Answer 2

stars formed from gravitational compression of gaseous clouds

Question 3

James Hutton (late 1700s)

Answer 3

Earth was not always the way it is

Question 4

Charles Bonnet (1760s)

Answer 4

God created ‘germs’ at the beginning of time and each awoken at its appointed time

Question 5

Carolus Linnaeus (1700s) 2

Answer 5

Species are eternal but varieties might form under different environmental conditions
Hybridisation may occur

Question 6

French Materialists of 1700s

Answer 6

‘natural causes’ lead to spontaneous generation of organisms

Question 7

Alfred Russell Wallace (1823-1913)

Answer 7

convinced of evolution by Chambers’ book

Malaysia and Brazil

Question 8

Sir Francis Galton 1822-1911

Answer 8

emphasised the importance of continuous variation and a statistical approach to heritability (blending of inheritance - WRONG)

Question 9

Hugo de Vries 1848-1935

Answer 9

rediscovered Mendel’s work

rejected blending idea

Question 10

Thomas Hunt Morgan 1866-1945

Answer 10

Drosophila Melanogaster

pioneering support for chromosomal inheritance and genetic linkage

genes close together usually inherited together

said mutation was sufficient to explain evolution

Question 11

Sir Ronald Fisher (1890-1962)

Answer 11

evolution be mutation and selection in large populations

continuous variation reflects many genes of small effect

Question 12

Sewall Wright (1889-1988)

Answer 12

genetic drift, gene interactions and adaptive landscape

Question 13

J B S Haldane (1892-1964)

Answer 13

interactions between mutation, selection and migration (linkage maps)