Plant genetics Flashcards
differentiation is _________ in plants
reversible
gene flow in plants
pollen
seeds
vegetative growth
gene flow in plants
pollen
seeds
vegetative growth
repetitive DNA
multiple copy genes
telomeres
mobile elements -> transpoons and retrotranspoons
tandemly repeated DNA
tetraploid
cells fail to divide after replication in mitosis
e.g.) potato
triploids
tetraploid + diploid = sterile
triploids
tetraploid + diploid = sterile
hexaploids
e.g.) breadwheat
Complete resistance is…
Highly specific
Involves evolutionary arms race
Qualitative inheritance
Partial resistance (horizontal resistance)
Non-specific
Quantitate of inheritance (no single gene can give defences)
Avirulence gene
Produces something, which allows plants to detect it (the pathogen) is there
Resistance gene
Can detect elicitor, codes for a receptor
Elicitor
Molecule which induces any plant defence response
Protein kinase will…
Cause a signal Cascade
Leucine rich receptor…
Detects elicitor
Pathway for defence signalling
Elicitor to receptor
Receptor to transmembrane domain
Transmembrane domain to kinase
Fungal and viral resistance
- DNA binding site
Can sit on DNA and regulate expression of a gene
What does the gene for gene theory of complete resistance involve?
Pathogen has virulence (a) and (A) virulence genes
Plant has resistance gene
Resistance genes often evolve by…
Replication (duplication) gone wrong
Large quantities of extracellular super oxide and hydrogen peroxide do what?
Damage pathogen
strengthen cell walls
trigger or cause a host cell death
known as an oxidative burst
SAR
Long-term resistance to a range of pathogens throughout the plant caused by inoculation with inducer inoculum
Similarity with animals
oxidated burst equals…
Neutrophil action
