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Genes And Evolution > Plant genetics > Flashcards

Plant genetics Flashcards

1
Q

differentiation is _________ in plants

A

reversible

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2
Q

gene flow in plants

A

pollen
seeds
vegetative growth

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3
Q

gene flow in plants

A

pollen
seeds
vegetative growth

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4
Q

repetitive DNA

A

multiple copy genes
telomeres
mobile elements -> transpoons and retrotranspoons
tandemly repeated DNA

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5
Q

tetraploid

A

cells fail to divide after replication in mitosis

e.g.) potato

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6
Q

triploids

A

tetraploid + diploid = sterile

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7
Q

triploids

A

tetraploid + diploid = sterile

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8
Q

hexaploids

A

e.g.) breadwheat

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9
Q

Complete resistance is…

A

Highly specific
Involves evolutionary arms race
Qualitative inheritance

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10
Q

Partial resistance (horizontal resistance)

A

Non-specific

Quantitate of inheritance (no single gene can give defences)

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11
Q

Avirulence gene

A

Produces something, which allows plants to detect it (the pathogen) is there

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12
Q

Resistance gene

A

Can detect elicitor, codes for a receptor

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13
Q

Elicitor

A

Molecule which induces any plant defence response

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14
Q

Protein kinase will…

A

Cause a signal Cascade

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15
Q

Leucine rich receptor…

A

Detects elicitor

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16
Q

Pathway for defence signalling

A

Elicitor to receptor
Receptor to transmembrane domain
Transmembrane domain to kinase

17
Q

Fungal and viral resistance

- DNA binding site

A

Can sit on DNA and regulate expression of a gene

18
Q

What does the gene for gene theory of complete resistance involve?

A

Pathogen has virulence (a) and (A) virulence genes

Plant has resistance gene

19
Q

Resistance genes often evolve by…

A

Replication (duplication) gone wrong

20
Q

Large quantities of extracellular super oxide and hydrogen peroxide do what?

A

Damage pathogen
strengthen cell walls
trigger or cause a host cell death
known as an oxidative burst

21
Q

SAR

A

Long-term resistance to a range of pathogens throughout the plant caused by inoculation with inducer inoculum

22
Q

Similarity with animals

oxidated burst equals…

A

Neutrophil action

Genes And Evolution (12 decks)

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