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Genetics > Population Genetics > Flashcards

Population Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to all of the alleles of all individuals in a population

A

Gene Pool

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2
Q

Theory that combines Darwinian Selection and Mendelian Inheritance

A

Modern Synthesis Theory

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3
Q

Study of genetic variation within a population with emphasis on quantitative characters

A

Population Genetics

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4
Q

They (2) introduced the Modern Synthesis Theory in the 1940s

A
  • A. Fisher
  • S. Wright
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5
Q

These are responsible for the inheritance of characteristics

A

Genes

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6
Q

These evolve due to natural selection and genetic drift

A

Populations

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7
Q

This is usually due to the gradual accumulation of small genetic changes

A

Speciation

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8
Q

Changes that occur in gene pools and cause more variation in individuals in a population

A

Microevolution

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9
Q

A group of populations whose individuals have the ability to breed and produce fertile offspring

A

Species

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10
Q

If all members of a population are homozygous for a particular allele, then the allele is […]

A

fixed in the gene pool

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11
Q

Theory that used to describe a non-evolving population

A

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

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12
Q

The 5 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

A
  • Large Population Size
  • No Migration
  • No Net Mutations
  • Random Mating
  • No Natural Selection
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13
Q

The alteration of the gene pool of a small population due to chance

A

Genetic Drift

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14
Q

The 2 factors that may cause genetic drift

A
  • Bottleneck Effect
  • Founder Effect
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15
Q

The only agent that results in adaptation to the environment

A

Natural Selection

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16
Q

Genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations

A

Gene Flow

17
Q

A change in an organism’s DNA and is represented by changing alleles

A

Mutation

18
Q

The existence of two or more forms of a character in high frequencies within a population

A

Polymorphism

19
Q

The contribution of a genotype to the next generation compared to the contributions of alternative genotypes for the same locus

A

Relative Fitness

20
Q

The 3 ways in which natural selection can affect the contribution of a genotype to the next generation

A
  • Directional Selection
  • Diversifying Selection
  • Stabilizing Selection
21
Q

Mode of Selection

Favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

A

Directional Selection

22
Q

Mode of Selection

Favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes

A

Diversifying Selection

23
Q

Mode of Selection

Favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes

A

Stabilizing Selection

24
Q

The difference in appearance between males and females of a species

A

Sexual Dimorphism

25
Q

Direct competition between members of the same sex for mates

A

Intrasexual Selection

26
Q

The 4 reasons why natural selection does not produce perfect organisms

A
  • Evolution is limited by historical constraints
  • Adaptations are compromises
  • Not all evolution is adaptive
  • Selection edits existing variations
27
Q

A locus with more variation than can be explained by mutation

A

Polymorphic

28
Q

The 5 agents of evolutionary change

A
  • Mutation
  • Gene Flow from one population to another
  • Nonrandom mating
  • Genetic Drift
  • Selection
29
Q

The ultimate source of genetic variation

A

Mutation

30
Q

Occurs when phenotypically similar individuals mate and cause frequencies of particular genotypes to differ from those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg

A

Assortative Mating

31
Q

The only agent that produces adaptive evolutionary change

A

Selection

32
Q

The 3 pressures of selection

A
  • avoiding predators
  • matching climatic conditions
  • pesticide resistance
33
Q

The number of surviving offspring left in the next generation

A

Fitness

34
Q

Occurs when phenotype fitness depends on its frequency within the population

A

Frequency-Dependent Selection

35
Q

Occurs when selection favors different phenotypes at different times

A

Oscillating Selection

Genetics (8 decks)

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