Population Genetics Flashcards
Refers to all of the alleles of all individuals in a population
Gene Pool
Theory that combines Darwinian Selection and Mendelian Inheritance
Modern Synthesis Theory
Study of genetic variation within a population with emphasis on quantitative characters
Population Genetics
They (2) introduced the Modern Synthesis Theory in the 1940s
- A. Fisher
- S. Wright
These are responsible for the inheritance of characteristics
Genes
These evolve due to natural selection and genetic drift
Populations
This is usually due to the gradual accumulation of small genetic changes
Speciation
Changes that occur in gene pools and cause more variation in individuals in a population
Microevolution
A group of populations whose individuals have the ability to breed and produce fertile offspring
Species
If all members of a population are homozygous for a particular allele, then the allele is […]
fixed in the gene pool
Theory that used to describe a non-evolving population
Hardy-Weinberg Theorem
The 5 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem
- Large Population Size
- No Migration
- No Net Mutations
- Random Mating
- No Natural Selection
The alteration of the gene pool of a small population due to chance
Genetic Drift
The 2 factors that may cause genetic drift
- Bottleneck Effect
- Founder Effect
The only agent that results in adaptation to the environment
Natural Selection
Genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations
Gene Flow
A change in an organism’s DNA and is represented by changing alleles
Mutation
The existence of two or more forms of a character in high frequencies within a population
Polymorphism
The contribution of a genotype to the next generation compared to the contributions of alternative genotypes for the same locus
Relative Fitness
The 3 ways in which natural selection can affect the contribution of a genotype to the next generation
- Directional Selection
- Diversifying Selection
- Stabilizing Selection
Mode of Selection
Favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
Directional Selection
Mode of Selection
Favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes
Diversifying Selection
Mode of Selection
Favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes
Stabilizing Selection
The difference in appearance between males and females of a species
Sexual Dimorphism
Direct competition between members of the same sex for mates
Intrasexual Selection
The 4 reasons why natural selection does not produce perfect organisms
- Evolution is limited by historical constraints
- Adaptations are compromises
- Not all evolution is adaptive
- Selection edits existing variations
A locus with more variation than can be explained by mutation
Polymorphic
The 5 agents of evolutionary change
- Mutation
- Gene Flow from one population to another
- Nonrandom mating
- Genetic Drift
- Selection
The ultimate source of genetic variation
Mutation
Occurs when phenotypically similar individuals mate and cause frequencies of particular genotypes to differ from those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg
Assortative Mating
The only agent that produces adaptive evolutionary change
Selection
The 3 pressures of selection
- avoiding predators
- matching climatic conditions
- pesticide resistance
The number of surviving offspring left in the next generation
Fitness
Occurs when phenotype fitness depends on its frequency within the population
Frequency-Dependent Selection
Occurs when selection favors different phenotypes at different times
Oscillating Selection
