L4: Non-Mendelian Inheritance Flashcards
Refers to inheritance patterns that obey the law of segregation and law of independent assortment
Mendelian Inheritance
Happens in cases where one allele is dominant to another
Simple Mendelian Inheritance
Prevalent alleles in a natural population are called […]
wild-type alleles
The occurrence of more than one wild-type allele is called […]
genetic polymorphism
Random mutations occur in populations and alter preexisting alleles, producing […]
mutant alleles
[…] mutations change the gene or protein encoded by a gene so that it gains a new or abnormal function
Gain-of-function
[…] mutations change a protein such that the mutant protein acts antagonistically to the normal protein
Dominant-negative
In haploinsufficiency, the dominant mutant allele is a […] allele
loss-of-function
A situation in which an allele that is expected to cause a particular phenotype does not
Incomplete Penetrance
The degree to which a trait is expressed
Expressivity
Refers to the effects of environmental variation on a phenotype
Norm of Reaction
A condition in which the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the corresponding homozygous individuals
Incomplete Dominance
First to observe incomplete dominance
Carl Correns
Mirabilis jalapa
The phenomenon in which a heterozygote has greater reproductive success compared with either of the corresponding homozygotes
Overdominance
or
Heterozygote Advantage
The phenomenon in which two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual
Codominance
The phenomenon in which an allele is dominant in one sex but recessive in the opposite sex
Sex-influenced Inheritance
The genes that govern sex-influenced traits are […]
autosomal
The genes that govern sex-limited traits are […]
autosomal or sex-linked
An allele that has the potential to cause the death of an organism
Lethal Allele
When the absence of a specific protein results in a lethal phenotype, the gene that encodes the protein is considered […]
an essential gene
Lethal alleles that act only in some individuals
Semi-lethal Alleles
The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism
Pleiotropy
Gene Interaction
An inheritance pattern in which the alleles of one gene mask the phenotypic effects of the alleles of a different gene
Epistasis
Gene Interaction
A phenomenon in which two different parents that express the same or similar recessive phenotypes produce offspring with a wild-type phenotype
Complementation
Gene Interaction
A phenomenon in which an allele on one gene modifies the phenotypic outcome of the alleles of a different gene
Modifying Genes
Gene Interaction
A pattern in which the loss of function in a single gene has no phenotypic effect, but the loss of function of two genes do
Gene Redundancy
They discovered an unexpected gene interaction when studying crosses involving the sweet pea
- William Bateson
- Reginal Punnett
Sweet Pea
Lathyrus odoratus
Conducted one of the first studies that illustrated the phenomenon of gene redundancy in shepherd’s purse
George Shull
Shepherd’s Purse
Capsella bursa-pastoris
