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Genetics > Linkage and Recombination > Flashcards

Linkage and Recombination Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cellular structures that carry genes

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

A diagram that describes the order of genes along a chromosome

A

Genetic Map

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3
Q

Functional units that influence an organism’s traits

A

Genes

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4
Q

Occurs when two or more genes are located on the same chromosome

A

Synteny

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5
Q

The phenomenon in which genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted as a unit

A

Genetic Linkage
(or Linkage)

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6
Q

A chromosome that contains a group of genes that are physically linked together

A

Linkage Groups

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7
Q

They (2) carried out a study indicating that some characters may not assort independently

A
  • William Bateson
  • Reginald Punnett
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8
Q

A phenomenon wherein homologous chromosome exchange pieces with each other

A

Crossing Over

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9
Q

Crossing Over

The replicated chromosomes, known as […], associate with their homologs to form a structure known as a […]

A
  • sister chromatids
  • bivalent
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10
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

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11
Q

Haploid cells that contain the same combination of alleles as the original chromosomes

A

Nonrecombinant Cells

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12
Q

Haploid cells that carry a different combination alleles from the original chromosomes

A

Recombinant Cells

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13
Q

If recombinant cells participate in fertilization, the resulting offspring are called […]

A

recombinant offspring

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14
Q

Occurs when offspring inherit a combination of two or more alleles or traits that are different from those in either parent

A

Genetic Recombination

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15
Q

[…] are produced by the exchange of DNA between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis in one or both parents, leading to a novel combination of genetic material

A

Recombinant offspring

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16
Q

He brought the first direct evidence that different genes are physically located on the same chromosome

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

17
Q

He investigated the inheritance of different traits that had been shown to follow an X-linked pattern of inheritance

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

18
Q

Observed chiasmata under the microscope and proposed that crossing over involves a physical exchange between homologous chromosomes

A

Frans Alfons Janssens

19
Q

The likelihood of crossing over depends on the […] between two genes

A

distance

20
Q

If two genes are far apart from each other, crossing over is more likely to […]

A

occur between them than between two genes that are close together

21
Q

This can be employed to determine if the outcome of a two-factor cross is consistent with linkage or independent assortment

A

Chi Square Test

22
Q

Chi Square Test

If the chi square value is low and we cannot reject the null hypothesis, we infer that the genes […]

A

assort independently

23
Q

Chi Square Test

If the chi square value is high and we reject the null hypothesis, we infer that the genes […]

A

are linked

24
Q

They (2) used an interesting strategy involving parallel observations to obtain direct evidence that crossing over can result in genetic recombination

A
  • Harriet Creighton
  • Barbara McClintock
25
Q

Used to determine the linear order and distance of separation among genes that are linked to each other on the same chromosome

A

Genetic Mapping

26
Q

The site where the gene is found within a particular chromosome

A

Locus

27
Q

Why is genetic mapping useful?

A
  • To understand the overall complexity and organisms of a genome
  • To know the locus of a gene, allowing cloning and studying
  • To understand evolutionary relationships
  • To diagnose and treat inherited diseases
  • To improve agriculturally important strains through selective breeding programs
28
Q

Includes techniques that involve an analysis of crosses of individuals that are heterozygous for two or more genes

A

Traditional Genetic Mapping

29
Q

The figure that depicts the linear arrangement of genes

A

Genetic Linkage Map

30
Q

The units of map distance are called […] or […]

A
  • map units (mu)
  • centiMorgans (cM)
31
Q

One map unit is equivalent to a […]

A

1% frequency of recombination

32
Q

A […] is always expected to cause the least frequent types of offspring

A

double crossover

33
Q

An event that may produce a pair of recombinant chromosomes that have a new combination of alleles

A

Mitotic Recombination

34
Q

He identified unusual patches on the bodies of flies from certain Drosophila strains

A

Curt Stern

35
Q

Two adjacent regions which are different from the rest of the body

A

Twin Spot

Genetics (8 decks)

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