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Genetics > L3: Mendelian Inheritance > Flashcards

L3: Mendelian Inheritance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The first to provide an explanation for hereditary traits in 400 BC

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

Said that seeds cause certain traits of the offspring to resemble those of the parents

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

Conducted the first systematic studies of genetic crosses

A

Joseph Kolreuter

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4
Q

Proposed the blending hypothesis of inheritance

A

Joseph Kolreuter

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5
Q

Occurs when two distinct individuals with different characteristics are bred or crossed

A

Hybridization

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6
Q

Why did Gregor Mendel choose peas in his studies?

A
  • Easy to grow
  • Monoecious
  • Self-pollinates but can cross-pollinate
  • Has several visible characteristics
  • Each characteristic has two common values
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7
Q

Reproductive part of a plant where pollen grains land to stimulate pollen tube formation and for fertilization to take place

A

Stigma

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8
Q

An opening in the ovule wall where sperm enters to fuse with the egg

A

Micropyle

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9
Q

A modified petal that covers the reproductive structures

A

Keel

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10
Q

The general characteristics of an organism

A

Character

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11
Q

The variant or specific properties of a character

A

Trait

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12
Q

Occurs when a trait does not vary in appearance from generation to generation

A

Breeding true

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13
Q

A strain or variety that continues to produce the same characteristic after several generations of self-fertilization

A

True breeding line

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14
Q

The 7 characters of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Seed Shape
  • Seed Color
  • Flower Color
  • Pod Shape
  • Pod Color
  • Flower Position
  • Stem Height
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15
Q

A cross in which only one character is observed

A

Single-Factor Cross

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16
Q

Also called single-character hybrid, the product of crossing two parents of different variants

A

Monohybrid

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17
Q

The 2 seed shapes of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Round
  • Wrinkled
18
Q

The 2 seed colors of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Yellow
  • Green
19
Q

The 2 flower colors of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Purple
  • White
20
Q

The 2 pod shapes of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Inflated
  • Constricted
21
Q

The 2 pod colors of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Yellow
  • Green
22
Q

The 2 flower positions of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Arial
  • Terminal
23
Q

The 2 stem heights of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

A
  • Tall
  • Dwarf
24
Q

A theory stating that the genes that govern traits are inherited as discrete units that remain unchanged as they are passed from parent to offspring

A

Particulate Theory of Inheritance

25
Q

Defined gene as a unit of heredity that may influence the outcome of an organism’s traits

A

Wilhelm Johannsen

26
Q

Different forms of the same gene

A

Allele

27
Q

States that the two copies of a gene segregate from each other during transmission from parent to offspring

A

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

28
Q

A cross that involves the investigation of two different characters within the same group of individuals

A

Dihybrid Cross
or
Two-Factor Cross

29
Q

The 3 lines of scientific inquiry that led to the chromosome theory of inheritance

A
  • Mendel’s studies
  • Biochemical basis of heredity
  • Microscopic examination of the process of fertilization
30
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

The 1st statement

A

Chromosomes contain the genetic material that is transmitted from parent to offspring and from cell to cell

31
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

The 2nd statement

A

Chromosomes are replicated and passed along, generation after generation, from parent to offspring

32
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

The 3rd statement

A

The nuclei of most eukaryotic cells contain chromosomes that are found in homologous pairs. Gametes contain one set of chromosomes.

33
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

The 4th statement

A

During the formation of haploid cells, different types of chromosomes segregate independently of each other

34
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

The 5th statement

A

Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to its offspring

35
Q

Occurs when an offspring receives a combination of alleles that differs from those in its parents

A

Genetic Recombination

36
Q

The 2 mechanisms that result to genetic recombination

A
  • Independent Assortment
  • Crossing Over
37
Q

Charts representing family relationships used to study traits and parental crosses

A

Pedigrees

38
Q

A disease is said to be […] if a dominant gene not in a sex chromosome causes the disease

A

Autosomal Dominant

39
Q

A disease is said to be […] if a homozygous recessive gene not in a sex chromosome causes the disease

A

Autosomal Recessive

40
Q

The individual being studied in a pedigree analysis

A

Proband
or
Index Case
Propositus
Proposita

Genetics (8 decks)

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