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YEAR 11 - GEOGRAPHY (THE BEST) > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

What is population density

A

The number of people in a given area

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2
Q

What is population distribution?

A

How a population is spread out around a country or an area

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3
Q

What is a sparse population?

A

When not many people live in an area

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4
Q

What is a dense population?

A

When a lot of people live in an area

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5
Q

State some causes of a sparse population

A

Mountainous area, extreme climate, areas prone to natural disasters, no jobs, poor selection of natural resources, no schools or hospitals, bad water supply

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6
Q

State some causes of a dense population

A

Flat areas, coastal areas, good natural resources, water supply, plenty of jobs, good schools and hospitals,

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7
Q

What is natural increase?

A

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate

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8
Q

What is natural decrease?

A

When the death rate is higher than the birth rate

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9
Q

What are birth rates?

A

The number of births per 1000 of the population per year

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10
Q

What are death rates?

A

The number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year

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11
Q

What are fertility rates?

A

The average number of children a female is expected to have in a lifetime

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12
Q

What are some causes for high birth rates?

A

Lack of contraception and women’s rights, religious beliefs, agriculture help, high death rates, pro-natalist policies

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13
Q

What are some causes for high death rates?

A

Wars, natural disasters, poor hygiene, medical care, diet, water supply, lack of exercise and diseases

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14
Q

What are some causes for low birth rates?

A

Contraception, women’s rights and careers, education and family planning, low death rates, later marriages, cost, anti-natalist policies

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15
Q

What are some causes for low death rates?

A

Good healthcare, diet, exercise, clean water and food, vaccinations

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16
Q

What are infant mortality rates?

A

The number of deaths before the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year

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17
Q

What is a life expectancy?

A

The average age someone is expected to live until

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18
Q

What is a population bomb?

A

The rapid growth in population usually suddenly

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19
Q

What is a population pyramid?

A

The age and sex structure of the country

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20
Q

What are young dependants?

A

The % of the population under the age of 16

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21
Q

What are old dependants?

A

The % of the population over the age of 65

22
Q

What are economically active people?

A

People between 16-65 -> The working group

23
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

The ratio between those who work and those who don’t

24
Q

What is an ageing population?

A

When the proportion of old dependants are increasing

25
Q

What are causes of an ageing population?

A

Life expectancy increases, birth rates start to fall,

26
Q

What problems are causes by an ageing population?

A

Shortage of workers -> Fewer tax payers, increase in pressure on hospitals, expensive on Gov due to more retirement homes and benefits being demanded

27
Q

What are some solutions to ageing populations?

A

Raise retirement age, increase tax, introduce private healthcare, pro-natalist policy, encourage private pensions and immigrants

28
Q

What is the retirement age?

A

The age which people officially stop working and can claim a pension off the Gov

29
Q

What are pensions?

A

Money that retired people can receive either privately or from the Gov

30
Q

What are some advantages of an ageing population?

A

Less money spent on schools, usually lower crime rates, usually less transport -> Lower pollution and congestion

31
Q

What are some problems with a population with too many young people?

A

Child care needs to be introduced, increase in dependency ratio, more teachers and nurses needed, more school funding needed, more healthcare funding needed

32
Q

What are some solutions with a population with too many young people?

A

Anti-natalist policy, increase family planning, encourage contraception and female education

33
Q

What are some problems with a population with too few young people?

A

Closure of child related services and loss of jobs, fewer taxpayers in future, increase in the age of the population, birthrates fall

34
Q

What are some solutions with a population with too few young people?

A

Pro-natalist policy, subsidised childcare and education to encourage them

35
Q

What is a young population?

A

A population with a lot of young dependants

36
Q

What is a replacement rate?

A

The number of children a couple has to have to maintain a countries population

37
Q

What is the reproductive age range?

A

The age that females usually have babies usually between 18-35

38
Q

What are some advantages of a large young population?

A

Potentially large workforce in future, a population with a good understanding of modern tech, reduced dependency ratio, reduced education

39
Q

What could be some incentives in a pro-natalist policy?

A

Cash payments, free education, nursuries and healthcare, reduced tax, free equipment e.g cots

40
Q

What is a carrying capacity?

A

The amount of people that the resources of a country can support

41
Q

What is overpopulation?

A

Where there are more people than resources available

42
Q

What is underpopulation?

A

When there are fewer people than resources available

43
Q

What is an optimum population?

A

When the population and resources are perfectly matched

44
Q

What are some problems of overpopulation?

A

Unemployment, shortage of schools, healthcare, water, houses, increased congestion rates and demand for houses, increase in pollution

45
Q

What are some problems of underpopulation?

A

Shortage of workers, fewer taxpayers, schools, hospitals and transport systems may have to close, hard to defend in war, not possible to exploit all natural resources

46
Q

What is HIV?

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

47
Q

What is AIDS?

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

48
Q

What are the most common ways of transmitting HIV?

A

Unprotected sex, sharing drug needles, blood transplant from infected blood, breast feeding, mother to unborn child

49
Q

What are some causes of high HIV rates?

A

Lack of education, contraception, testing, hygiene , polygamy, prostitution, sexual crime, believe its a myth, religious beliefs

50
Q

What are some impacts of HIV?

A

Decline in immune system, high cost for treatment, higher dependency ratio, reduction in tourism, lower life expectancy, shortage of workers, large numbers of orphans

51
Q

What are some solutions to HIV?

A

Free contraception, education, more testing, legalise prostitution, research a cure, encouraging no sex before marriage

YEAR 11 - GEOGRAPHY (THE BEST) (11 decks)

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