Population

Question 1

What is population density

Answer 1

The number of people in a given area

Question 2

What is population distribution?

Answer 2

How a population is spread out around a country or an area

Question 3

What is a sparse population?

Answer 3

When not many people live in an area

Question 4

What is a dense population?

Answer 4

When a lot of people live in an area

Question 5

State some causes of a sparse population

Answer 5

Mountainous area, extreme climate, areas prone to natural disasters, no jobs, poor selection of natural resources, no schools or hospitals, bad water supply

Question 6

State some causes of a dense population

Answer 6

Flat areas, coastal areas, good natural resources, water supply, plenty of jobs, good schools and hospitals,

Question 7

What is natural increase?

Answer 7

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate

Question 8

What is natural decrease?

Answer 8

When the death rate is higher than the birth rate

Question 9

What are birth rates?

Answer 9

The number of births per 1000 of the population per year

Question 10

What are death rates?

Answer 10

The number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year

Question 11

What are fertility rates?

Answer 11

The average number of children a female is expected to have in a lifetime

Question 12

What are some causes for high birth rates?

Answer 12

Lack of contraception and women’s rights, religious beliefs, agriculture help, high death rates, pro-natalist policies

Question 13

What are some causes for high death rates?

Answer 13

Wars, natural disasters, poor hygiene, medical care, diet, water supply, lack of exercise and diseases

Question 14

What are some causes for low birth rates?

Answer 14

Contraception, women’s rights and careers, education and family planning, low death rates, later marriages, cost, anti-natalist policies

Question 15

What are some causes for low death rates?

Answer 15

Good healthcare, diet, exercise, clean water and food, vaccinations

Question 16

What are infant mortality rates?

Answer 16

The number of deaths before the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year

Question 17

What is a life expectancy?

Answer 17

The average age someone is expected to live until

Question 18

What is a population bomb?

Answer 18

The rapid growth in population usually suddenly

Question 19

What is a population pyramid?

Answer 19

The age and sex structure of the country

Question 20

What are young dependants?

Answer 20

The % of the population under the age of 16

Question 21

What are old dependants?

Answer 21

The % of the population over the age of 65

Question 22

What are economically active people?

Answer 22

People between 16-65 -> The working group

Question 23

What is the dependency ratio?

Answer 23

The ratio between those who work and those who don’t

Question 24

What is an ageing population?

Answer 24

When the proportion of old dependants are increasing

Question 25

What are causes of an ageing population?

Answer 25

Life expectancy increases, birth rates start to fall,

Question 26

What problems are causes by an ageing population?

Answer 26

Shortage of workers -> Fewer tax payers, increase in pressure on hospitals, expensive on Gov due to more retirement homes and benefits being demanded

Question 27

What are some solutions to ageing populations?

Answer 27

Raise retirement age, increase tax, introduce private healthcare, pro-natalist policy, encourage private pensions and immigrants

Question 28

What is the retirement age?

Answer 28

The age which people officially stop working and can claim a pension off the Gov

Question 29

What are pensions?

Answer 29

Money that retired people can receive either privately or from the Gov

Question 30

What are some advantages of an ageing population?

Answer 30

Less money spent on schools, usually lower crime rates, usually less transport -> Lower pollution and congestion

Question 31

What are some problems with a population with too many young people?

Answer 31

Child care needs to be introduced, increase in dependency ratio, more teachers and nurses needed, more school funding needed, more healthcare funding needed

Question 32

What are some solutions with a population with too many young people?

Answer 32

Anti-natalist policy, increase family planning, encourage contraception and female education

Question 33

What are some problems with a population with too few young people?

Answer 33

Closure of child related services and loss of jobs, fewer taxpayers in future, increase in the age of the population, birthrates fall

Question 34

What are some solutions with a population with too few young people?

Answer 34

Pro-natalist policy, subsidised childcare and education to encourage them

Question 35

What is a young population?

Answer 35

A population with a lot of young dependants

Question 36

What is a replacement rate?

Answer 36

The number of children a couple has to have to maintain a countries population

Question 37

What is the reproductive age range?

Answer 37

The age that females usually have babies usually between 18-35

Question 38

What are some advantages of a large young population?

Answer 38

Potentially large workforce in future, a population with a good understanding of modern tech, reduced dependency ratio, reduced education

Question 39

What could be some incentives in a pro-natalist policy?

Answer 39

Cash payments, free education, nursuries and healthcare, reduced tax, free equipment e.g cots

Question 40

What is a carrying capacity?

Answer 40

The amount of people that the resources of a country can support

Question 41

What is overpopulation?

Answer 41

Where there are more people than resources available

Question 42

What is underpopulation?

Answer 42

When there are fewer people than resources available

Question 43

What is an optimum population?

Answer 43

When the population and resources are perfectly matched

Question 44

What are some problems of overpopulation?

Answer 44

Unemployment, shortage of schools, healthcare, water, houses, increased congestion rates and demand for houses, increase in pollution

Question 45

What are some problems of underpopulation?

Answer 45

Shortage of workers, fewer taxpayers, schools, hospitals and transport systems may have to close, hard to defend in war, not possible to exploit all natural resources

Question 46

What is HIV?

Answer 46

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 47

What is AIDS?

Answer 47

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 48

What are the most common ways of transmitting HIV?

Answer 48

Unprotected sex, sharing drug needles, blood transplant from infected blood, breast feeding, mother to unborn child

Question 49

What are some causes of high HIV rates?

Answer 49

Lack of education, contraception, testing, hygiene , polygamy, prostitution, sexual crime, believe its a myth, religious beliefs

Question 50

What are some impacts of HIV?

Answer 50

Decline in immune system, high cost for treatment, higher dependency ratio, reduction in tourism, lower life expectancy, shortage of workers, large numbers of orphans

Question 51

What are some solutions to HIV?

Answer 51

Free contraception, education, more testing, legalise prostitution, research a cure, encouraging no sex before marriage