Industry

Question 1

What is an industry?

Answer 1

Any business activity or commercial enterprise

Question 2

What is the primary sector of industry?

Answer 2

The exploitation of raw materials from the earth

Question 3

What is the secondary sector of industry?

Answer 3

The manufacturing of raw materials into finished products

Question 4

What is the tertiary sector of industry?

Answer 4

The providing of services to individuals and businesses

Question 5

What is the quaternary sector of industry?

Answer 5

The generation and sharing of hi-tech knowledge

Question 6

What are the inputs of an industry?

Answer 6

The things required to make the product

Question 7

What are the processes of an industry?

Answer 7

The events or activities that take place to make a produt

Question 8

What are the outputs of an industry?

Answer 8

The finished product that is sold to a consumer

Question 9

What is the capital (inputs of industry)?

Answer 9

Anything connected with wealth or money

Question 10

What are the raw materials (inputs of industry)?

Answer 10

Unprocessed products used in industry

Question 11

What is a weight gain industry (location of industry)?

Answer 11

An industry whose products get heavier in the manufacturing process e.g cars

Question 12

Where is a weight gain industry likely to be located?

Answer 12

Near the marketplace

Question 13

What is a weight loss industry (location of industry)?

Answer 13

An industry whose products get lighter in the manufacturing process e.g steel

Question 14

Where is a weight loss industry likely to be located?

Answer 14

Near raw materials

Question 15

What are advantages and disadvantages of Just-in-time manufacturing?

Answer 15

Ad: Little storage required and less likely to have out of date components
Dis: Need excellent communications with suppliers

Question 16

What are advantages and disadvantages of Just-in-case manufacturing?

Answer 16

Ad: Never run out of components
Dis: Increase in storage cost, likely to have to throw out old components

Question 17

What are footloose industries?

Answer 17

Usually tertiary or quaternary industries which aren’t tied to raw materials

Question 18

What are perishable goods?

Answer 18

Products that go rotten quickly

Question 19

What human factors impact the location of industry?

Answer 19

Labour, market, capital, supply network, education and healthcare, transport, communications, electricity and water

Question 20

What physical factors impact the location of industry?

Answer 20

Available, flat and clean land, raw materials, energy supply, climate, transport e.g coast

Question 21

What is a assembly plant?

Answer 21

A factory where individual parts are put together

Question 22

What is a break of baulk location?

Answer 22

Where raw materials arrive and are unloaded

Question 23

What is a production line?

Answer 23

An arrangement of machines or sequence of opertions involved with a production process

Question 24

What is subsistence farming?

Answer 24

When food is grown just for their own family. Not normally surplus to make money

Question 25

What is mechanisation?

Answer 25

The process of man power being replaced with machine power

Question 26

What is a Hi-tech industry?

Answer 26

Industries that focus on research and development

Question 27

What is conglomeration?

Answer 27

The process of clustering together

Question 28

What are advantages of a TNC locating in one country?

Answer 28

Creates jobs -> More taxpayers, TNCs pay tax, improves workers skill and education, introduce new tech, infrastructure upgraded

Question 29

What are disadvantages of a TNC locating in one country?

Answer 29

Many of best paid jobs go to foreigners, poorly paid, economic leakage, mechanisation, TNC products are expensive

Question 30

What is a formal economy?

Answer 30

The economy that if formally registered with the authorities and regulated by the Gov and will pay tax

Question 31

What is an informal economy?

Answer 31

The section of the economy that isn't registered with the Gov and doesn't pay tax -> Black market

Question 32

What are advantages of an informal economy?

Answer 32

Money goes to where it is needed, employs people and teaches skills, normally not mechanised

Question 33

What are disadvantages of an informal economy?

Answer 33

Involved with illegal activities, no tax paid, can cause pollution, exploitation of workers

Question 34

What are advantages of an formal economy?

Answer 34

Taxes contribute to Gov revenue, workers rights, provides products for export -> Income, less pollution

Question 35

What are disadvantages of an formal economy?

Answer 35

Higher production cost, avoid dumb people, normally mechanised, dominated by TNCs

Question 36

What is protectionism?

Answer 36

What Govs use to try and protect domestic industry mainly through tarrifs, quotas and subsidies

Question 37

What are tarrifs (protectionism)?

Answer 37

A tax placed on foreign imports to make them more expensive

Question 38

What are quotas (protectionism)?

Answer 38

A limit placed on the amount of foreign imports -> Less expensive and competitive

Question 39

What are subsidies (protectionism)?

Answer 39

Financial support given to domestic producers to make products cheaper in a loan or grant

Question 40

What is a trading bloc?

Answer 40

A group of countries joined together to promote trade by removing protectionist policies

Question 41

What are externalities?

Answer 41

An impact caused by an unconnected event or process. Can be + or -

Question 42

What is dry deposition?

Answer 42

Pollution falling directly to the surface

Question 43

What is wet deposition?

Answer 43

Pollution mixing with rain and falling to the earth

Question 44

What are causes of acid rain?

Answer 44

Industrial pollution, transport fumes, power stations

Question 45

What are problems caused by acid rain?

Answer 45

Damage to buildings, changing of pH of lakes and soil, damage to vegetation

Question 46

What are some problems caused by the closure of an industry?

Answer 46

Unemployment, less tax from corporation, suppliers bankruptcy, decline in local shops, migration out of area, inflation, dereliction

Question 47

What are some solutions to negative externalities?

Answer 47

Gov regulations, appropriate tech, renewable energy