Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

What is agriculture?

A

The production of crops or livestock

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2
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

The farming of aquatic plants and animals

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3
Q

What is pastoral farming?

A

The rearing of animals

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4
Q

What is arable farming?

A

The growing of crops

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5
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

Farming that only involves rearing enough animals and growing enough crops to support that family

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6
Q

What is sedentary farming?

A

Farming that takes place in a permanent location

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7
Q

What is shifting cultivation?

A

Farming that moves from one location to another every year

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8
Q

What is commercial farming?

A

Farming for the purpose of profit

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9
Q

What is extensive farming?

A

Where there are relatively few inputs (and possibly outputs) per hectare of land

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10
Q

What is intensive farming?

A

Where there are relatively high inputs and outputs per hectare of land

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11
Q

What are properties of an extensive farm?

A

Larger farm, few inputs, workers and yield

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12
Q

What are properties of an intensive farm?

A

Smaller farm, higher inputs, workers, yield

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13
Q

How big is a hectare?

A

10,000m squared

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14
Q

What are the human inputs of a farm?

A

Labour, machinery, buildings, animals, crop seeds and fertilisers

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15
Q

What are physical inputs of a farm?

A

Soil, precipitation, sun, relief, drainage, alluvium,

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16
Q

What are the processes of a farm?

A

Rearing, shearing, ploughing, fertilising, weeding, slaughtering, irrigating and cultivating

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17
Q

What are the outputs of a farm?

A

Profits, meat products, wool, milk, waste, methane and crops

18
Q

What is a silo?

A

A large tall building designed to store and protect harvested crops

19
Q

What are barns?

A

A large wooden structure to store machinery, animals and harvested crops

20
Q

What is an irrigation channel?

A

Diverting more water onto farmland making the ground more moist and easier to farm

21
Q

What is a drainage channel?

A

Allowing previously flooded land to be farmed and drain water quicker

22
Q

What was the green revolution?

A

The introduction of modern western farming techniques in LEDCs during the late 60s and 70s

23
Q

What were some successes of the Green revolution?

A

Food prices fell, more reliable crops grown, variety of crops, wealthier farmers, more self-sufficient countries

24
Q

What were some failures of the Green revolution?

A

Large amounts of fertilisers polluted water, susceptible to disease and drought, more water needed, mechanisation led to unemployment, some couldn’t afford seed

25
How can subsistence farmers increase yields?
Buy more land, use fertilisers, mechanisation, irrigation, use GM crops, two crops growing
26
What is diversification?
Increasing the range of products
27
What is a subside?
Financial help given to industries to make their production cheaper
28
Why may a country produce surplus?
Profit, subsides -> Give to LEDCs
29
What are cash crops?
Crops grown for the purpose of selling
30
What is monoculture?
Growing of only one type of crop
31
What are some problems with a monoculture farm?
Disease, price fluctuation, changing demands
32
What are advantages of organic crops?
Better flavour, minimal run-off of fertilisers, fewer chemicals consumed, higher price
33
What are disadvantages of organic crops?
Not uniform, susceptible to disease, longer to grow, more water to grow
34
What are advantages of GM crops?
Uniform, shorter growing season, less water used, can be drought resistant
35
What are disadvantages of GM crops?
Native species could die, taste not as good, development of super-weeds, long term impacts not known
36
What is soil degradation?
A reduction in quality of soil
37
What is desertification?
The process of soil becoming degraded and turning into desert
38
What are the human causes of famine?
Overpopulation, grazing cultivation, pollution, deforestation, conflict and corruption
39
What are physical causes of famine?
Temp, rainfall, flooding, natural disasters, fertility of soil
40
What are problems caused by famine?
Livestock death, crop failure, illness and death, conflict, loss of income
41
What are some solutions to famine and land degradation?
Crop rotation, irrigation, reforestation, GM crops, fertilisers, distribution of crops