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YEAR 11 - GEOGRAPHY (THE BEST) > Agriculture > Flashcards

Agriculture Flashcards

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1
Q

What is agriculture?

A

The production of crops or livestock

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2
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

The farming of aquatic plants and animals

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3
Q

What is pastoral farming?

A

The rearing of animals

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4
Q

What is arable farming?

A

The growing of crops

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5
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

Farming that only involves rearing enough animals and growing enough crops to support that family

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6
Q

What is sedentary farming?

A

Farming that takes place in a permanent location

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7
Q

What is shifting cultivation?

A

Farming that moves from one location to another every year

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8
Q

What is commercial farming?

A

Farming for the purpose of profit

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9
Q

What is extensive farming?

A

Where there are relatively few inputs (and possibly outputs) per hectare of land

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10
Q

What is intensive farming?

A

Where there are relatively high inputs and outputs per hectare of land

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11
Q

What are properties of an extensive farm?

A

Larger farm, few inputs, workers and yield

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12
Q

What are properties of an intensive farm?

A

Smaller farm, higher inputs, workers, yield

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13
Q

How big is a hectare?

A

10,000m squared

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14
Q

What are the human inputs of a farm?

A

Labour, machinery, buildings, animals, crop seeds and fertilisers

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15
Q

What are physical inputs of a farm?

A

Soil, precipitation, sun, relief, drainage, alluvium,

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16
Q

What are the processes of a farm?

A

Rearing, shearing, ploughing, fertilising, weeding, slaughtering, irrigating and cultivating

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17
Q

What are the outputs of a farm?

A

Profits, meat products, wool, milk, waste, methane and crops

18
Q

What is a silo?

A

A large tall building designed to store and protect harvested crops

19
Q

What are barns?

A

A large wooden structure to store machinery, animals and harvested crops

20
Q

What is an irrigation channel?

A

Diverting more water onto farmland making the ground more moist and easier to farm

21
Q

What is a drainage channel?

A

Allowing previously flooded land to be farmed and drain water quicker

22
Q

What was the green revolution?

A

The introduction of modern western farming techniques in LEDCs during the late 60s and 70s

23
Q

What were some successes of the Green revolution?

A

Food prices fell, more reliable crops grown, variety of crops, wealthier farmers, more self-sufficient countries

24
Q

What were some failures of the Green revolution?

A

Large amounts of fertilisers polluted water, susceptible to disease and drought, more water needed, mechanisation led to unemployment, some couldn’t afford seed

25
Q

How can subsistence farmers increase yields?

A

Buy more land, use fertilisers, mechanisation, irrigation, use GM crops, two crops growing

26
Q

What is diversification?

A

Increasing the range of products

27
Q

What is a subside?

A

Financial help given to industries to make their production cheaper

28
Q

Why may a country produce surplus?

A

Profit, subsides -> Give to LEDCs

29
Q

What are cash crops?

A

Crops grown for the purpose of selling

30
Q

What is monoculture?

A

Growing of only one type of crop

31
Q

What are some problems with a monoculture farm?

A

Disease, price fluctuation, changing demands

32
Q

What are advantages of organic crops?

A

Better flavour, minimal run-off of fertilisers, fewer chemicals consumed, higher price

33
Q

What are disadvantages of organic crops?

A

Not uniform, susceptible to disease, longer to grow, more water to grow

34
Q

What are advantages of GM crops?

A

Uniform, shorter growing season, less water used, can be drought resistant

35
Q

What are disadvantages of GM crops?

A

Native species could die, taste not as good, development of super-weeds, long term impacts not known

36
Q

What is soil degradation?

A

A reduction in quality of soil

37
Q

What is desertification?

A

The process of soil becoming degraded and turning into desert

38
Q

What are the human causes of famine?

A

Overpopulation, grazing cultivation, pollution, deforestation, conflict and corruption

39
Q

What are physical causes of famine?

A

Temp, rainfall, flooding, natural disasters, fertility of soil

40
Q

What are problems caused by famine?

A

Livestock death, crop failure, illness and death, conflict, loss of income

41
Q

What are some solutions to famine and land degradation?

A

Crop rotation, irrigation, reforestation, GM crops, fertilisers, distribution of crops

YEAR 11 - GEOGRAPHY (THE BEST) (11 decks)

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