Population Flashcards
1
Q
why ppl moved
A
- rise of budget airlines means its easy for ppl to maintain links with families
- uk is an eng speaking country, and eng is taught as secondary lang in all polish skls
- avg salary in poland less than UK, so ppl looked for higher salaries to improve quality of life, e.g. better housing
- poland joined EU in 2004 so easier to travel = UK one of first countries to open uo to new EU embers
- scotland and pland have linked history bc ww2 so ppl may have heard abt it from relatives
- mechanisation removes indsutrial/agri jobs = high unemployment rates
2
Q
impacts on the UK
A
- polish were 4th highest nationality in the NHS, also work in construction etc
- this is reffered to as brain gain as increase in skilled workers
- more polish food in UK supermarkets
- more demand for resources eg housing and NHS
- negative perceptions abt migrants can undermine community cohesion
- economically active migrants generate tax revenue to fund public services eg pensions
3
Q
impacts on poland
A
- struggles in families after ppl move away = divorces. trauma for kids etc
- brain drain = businesses say lack of skilled workers is biggest barrier to profit
- ppl send remittances back to poland = more money for the economy there
- ppl return from the UK w/ better skills = can better polish workforce
- less economically active ppl means less funds for pensions and public services
- overall lower pop less demand for public services so quality improves
4
Q
data collection methods
A
- carried out 10 yrs w/ legal obligation for household to do
- asks questions of age, gender, employment etc of ppl in household
- civil registration contains marriage, death and birth records and has to be updated 21 w/in the event
- parital enumeration when full enumeration cant be carried out
- e.g. NRS randomly sample ppl using royal mail addresses to fill in a census
- may want migration data, so visas are checked
5
Q
issues collecting data
A
- low literacy rates leads to inaccuracies when filling out form, e.g. Chad w/ 22% literacy rate
- multi-lingual countries is time-consuming and costly to translate census and find fluent census takers, e.g. Zimbabwae w/ 16 langs
- where conflict occurs it is dangerous for enumerators and large-scale pop displacements
- nomadic pops that move over borders could be counted twice
- diff to traverse some terrain e.g. forests, bc bad infrastructure
- its spenny to do census, which developing countries might want to invest elsewhere, e.g. healthcare
- if gov revenue is affected by pop figs there may be reason to inflate
- if war is occuring money may be diverted to military instead
- physical barriers eg checkpoints ake it difficult to access pops
6
Q
consequences of an aeging pop
A
- financial pressure to increase pensions funds
- less economically active ppl = increase in taxes
- increase retirement age to increase time in employment and taxes
- immigration may increase bc less economically active = increase tensions between diff groups
- increased costs for prescripptions bc increase in demand, e.g. heart medication
- more ppl in hospital = strain on resources
- no of nursing homes will need to increase = adds strain to preexisting housing issues in tokyo
- old ppl have lots f skills and often take up voluntary positions
7
Q
consequences of a youthful pop
A
- potential for much larger work force = attracts investment of TNCs
- increase tex revenue for govt to invest
- increase in ppl of childbearing age = increased unemplyent of jobs dont increase at same rate
- more investment into maternal wards and education bc large number of young ppl
- more food = overcultivation and overgrazing = rural land degredation
- if food supplies dont increase = more malnutrition = more susceptible to disease
- poor living conditions bc overcrowding
- deforestation as wood is cut down as fuel for growing pop
- more education of contraception on child birth to slow pop growth
