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Body Structures 1 > Popliteal fossa, knee, leg > Flashcards

Popliteal fossa, knee, leg Flashcards

1
Q

What osteology causes tibial lateral rotation on the fixed femur? What if the foot/tibia is fixed?

A

Longer medial femoral and tibial condyles

If the femur is not fixed, but the foot/tibia is, the femur rotates medially on the tibia.

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2
Q

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

A

Unlock the knee when it is extended

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3
Q

What is genu valgum?

A

Lateral angulation of the leg causing excessive loading of the lateral tibiofemoral structures.

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4
Q

What is genu varum?

A

Medial angulation of the leg in relation to the thigh causing excessive loading of the medial tibiofemoral joint.

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5
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur to fibula

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6
Q

What does the MCL attach to that the LCL doesn’t?

A

the (medial) meniscus/synthesis with the joint capsule.

MCL is thus more broad.

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7
Q

What are the attachments of the medial collateral ligament?

A

Medial epicondyle of femur, meniscus, and tibia

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8
Q

The MCL resists _____. The LCL resists ______.

A

Valgus, Varus

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9
Q

The ACL and PCL are outside the ______ capsule, but within the ______ capsule.

A

Synovial, fibrous

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10
Q

What do the ACL and PCL do?

A

Provide rotational stability and prevent anterior/posterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur.

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11
Q

What test is the anterior drawer test testing?

A

ACL integrity

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12
Q

What is the terrible triad of knee injury?

A

MCL, ACL, and medial meniscus tear

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13
Q

What becomes the popliteal artery and when?

A

Femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery when it exits the adductor hiatus

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14
Q

Why can’t we see the middle genicular artery in the lab?

A

It branches off the popliteal and goes right into the PCL/ACL inside of the knee and can’t really be seen.

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15
Q

What arteries feed the cruciate anastamosis?

A

Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery

Femoral (popliteal) artery

Descending genicular artery (a branch of femoral artery proximal to adductor hiatus)

Anterior tibial RECURRENT artery

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16
Q

What are the bones of the talocrural joint?

A

Tibia, fibula, and talus (the ankle!)

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17
Q

What is the mortise?

A

the 3 sides/surface of the talus which is critical to stability of TCJ. The body of the talus is called the trochlea

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18
Q

The talus is wider _______.

A

Anteriorly

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19
Q

Compared to the medial malleolus, the lateral malleolus is more ____.

A

Inferior and posterior

20
Q

What are the most common lateral ankle sprains?

A
  1. Anterior talofibular ligament
  2. Calcenofibular ligament
  3. Posterior talofibular ligament
21
Q

What are the medial ankle (deltoid) ligaments?

A 
Anterior tibiotalar fibers
Tibionavicular
fibers
Tibiocalcaneal fibers
Posterior tibiotalar fibers
22
Q

What is the subtalar joint?

A

Synovial joint below the talus. 3 articulations between the talus and the calcaneus. Interooseus talocalacaneal ligaments bin the talus and the calcaneus and are located in the sinus tarsi (gap).

23
Q

Is the STJ triplanar in motion?

A

Yes

24
Q

What is an important role of the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Compensatory movement that allows forefoot to maintain contact with ground when hind foot is supinated/pronated.

25
Q

What is the blood and nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A 
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Anterior tibial artery
26
Q

What is the blood and nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A 
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Fibular (peroneal) artery
27
Q

What is the blood and nerve supply of the posterior (superficial) compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

Posterior tibial artery (major)

28
Q

What is the blood and nerve supply of the (deep) posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery (major)
Fibular (peroneal) artery (minor)

29
Q

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

A

Knee flexion and plantarflexion

30
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A

Plantarflexion

31
Q

What is the action of the plantaris?

A

Weak plantarfexion

32
Q

What does the tibial nerve become in the foot?

A

Medial and Lateral plantar nerves

33
Q

What does the popliteal artery become after the popliteus muscle?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

34
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery become in the foot?

A

Medial and lateral plantar arves

35
Q

What is the nemonic is used for remembering the items on the medial malleoluls from anterior to posterior?

A

Tom Dick (And Very Nervous) Harry

Tibialis posterior
FDL
Tibial Artery, Vein, Nerve
FHL

36
Q

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Irritation of the tibial nerve as it passes deep to the retinaculum (analogous to carpal tunnel)

37
Q

What does the common fibular nerve branch into at the knee?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

and Deep fibular nerve

38
Q

What nerve around the knee is superficial and thus prone to damage?

A

Common fibular nerve?

39
Q

Cutaneous sensation of the feet is supplied completely by the superficial fibular nerve except the _____ nerve which does the lateral side and the _______ which does _______.

A

Sural nerve = lateral side

Deep fibular nerve = between big toe and 2nd toe

40
Q

What are the bones of the midfoot?

A

Navicular, cuboid, cuneiform

41
Q

What is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Talus

42
Q

What is the short plantar ligament?

A

Calcaneus to cuboid

43
Q

What is the long plantar ligament?

A

Calcaneus to cuboid and metatarsal bases

44
Q

What /Where is the dorsalis pedis?

A

Artery where you can get a pulse.

It’s between the big toe and 2nd toe

45
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis artery give rise to?

A
  1. Arcuate artery which then feeds dorsal metatarsal and dorsal digital arteries.
  2. Deep plantar arterial arch
46
Q

When does a gait cycle begin?

A

Heel strike

Body Structures 1 (13 decks)

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