Popliteal fossa, knee, leg Flashcards by Lindsay Thomson

What osteology causes tibial lateral rotation on the fixed femur? What if the foot/tibia is fixed?

Longer medial femoral and tibial condyles

If the femur is not fixed, but the foot/tibia is, the femur rotates medially on the tibia.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

Unlock the knee when it is extended

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is genu valgum?

Lateral angulation of the leg causing excessive loading of the lateral tibiofemoral structures.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is genu varum?

Medial angulation of the leg in relation to the thigh causing excessive loading of the medial tibiofemoral joint.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the attachments of the lateral collateral ligament?

Lateral epicondyle of femur to fibula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the MCL attach to that the LCL doesn’t?

the (medial) meniscus/synthesis with the joint capsule.

MCL is thus more broad.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the attachments of the medial collateral ligament?

Medial epicondyle of femur, meniscus, and tibia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The MCL resists _____. The LCL resists ______.

Valgus, Varus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ACL and PCL are outside the ______ capsule, but within the ______ capsule.

Synovial, fibrous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do the ACL and PCL do?

Provide rotational stability and prevent anterior/posterior displacement of the tibia on the fixed femur.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What test is the anterior drawer test testing?

ACL integrity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the terrible triad of knee injury?

MCL, ACL, and medial meniscus tear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What becomes the popliteal artery and when?

Femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery when it exits the adductor hiatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why can’t we see the middle genicular artery in the lab?

It branches off the popliteal and goes right into the PCL/ACL inside of the knee and can’t really be seen.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What arteries feed the cruciate anastamosis?

Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery

Femoral (popliteal) artery

Descending genicular artery (a branch of femoral artery proximal to adductor hiatus)

Anterior tibial RECURRENT artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the bones of the talocrural joint?

Tibia, fibula, and talus (the ankle!)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mortise?

the 3 sides/surface of the talus which is critical to stability of TCJ. The body of the talus is called the trochlea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The talus is wider _______.

Anteriorly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compared to the medial malleolus, the lateral malleolus is more ____.

Inferior and posterior

What are the most common lateral ankle sprains?

Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcenofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament

What are the medial ankle (deltoid) ligaments?

Anterior tibiotalar fibers
Tibionavicular
fibers
Tibiocalcaneal fibers
Posterior tibiotalar fibers

What is the subtalar joint?

Synovial joint below the talus. 3 articulations between the talus and the calcaneus. Interooseus talocalacaneal ligaments bin the talus and the calcaneus and are located in the sinus tarsi (gap).

Is the STJ triplanar in motion?

Yes

What is an important role of the transverse tarsal joint?

Compensatory movement that allows forefoot to maintain contact with ground when hind foot is supinated/pronated.

What is the blood and nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the leg?

``` Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Anterior tibial artery ```

What is the blood and nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg?

``` Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Fibular (peroneal) artery ```

What is the blood and nerve supply of the posterior (superficial) compartment of the leg?

Tibial nerve | Posterior tibial artery (major)

What is the blood and nerve supply of the (deep) posterior compartment of the leg?

Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery (major) Fibular (peroneal) artery (minor)

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

Knee flexion and plantarflexion

What is the action of the soleus?

Plantarflexion

What is the action of the plantaris?

Weak plantarfexion

What does the tibial nerve become in the foot?

Medial and Lateral plantar nerves

What does the popliteal artery become after the popliteus muscle?

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

What does the posterior tibial artery become in the foot?

Medial and lateral plantar arves

What is the nemonic is used for remembering the items on the medial malleoluls from anterior to posterior?

Tom Dick (And Very Nervous) Harry Tibialis posterior FDL Tibial Artery, Vein, Nerve FHL

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Irritation of the tibial nerve as it passes deep to the retinaculum (analogous to carpal tunnel)

What does the common fibular nerve branch into at the knee?

Superficial fibular nerve and Deep fibular nerve

What nerve around the knee is superficial and thus prone to damage?

Common fibular nerve?

Cutaneous sensation of the feet is supplied completely by the superficial fibular nerve except the _____ nerve which does the lateral side and the _______ which does _______.

Sural nerve = lateral side Deep fibular nerve = between big toe and 2nd toe

What are the bones of the midfoot?

Navicular, cuboid, cuneiform

What is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

Talus

What is the short plantar ligament?

Calcaneus to cuboid

What is the long plantar ligament?

Calcaneus to cuboid and metatarsal bases

What /Where is the dorsalis pedis?

Artery where you can get a pulse. It's between the big toe and 2nd toe

What does the dorsalis pedis artery give rise to?

1. Arcuate artery which then feeds dorsal metatarsal and dorsal digital arteries. 2. Deep plantar arterial arch

When does a gait cycle begin?

Heel strike