Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Body Structures 1 > Pectoral region and shoulder > Flashcards

Pectoral region and shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pectoral fascia overly?

A

Pec major and the serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

Loose connective tissue between the breast and the pectoral fascia. It allows the breast some degree of movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the axillary process or tail (of Spence)?

A

An extension of the mammary gland extending toward the axillary fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What attaches the mammary gland to the dermis?

A

Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper). They help support the mammary gland lobules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the scapulothoracic (ST) articulation?

A

Not a true joint… ventral surface of the scapula and the posterior thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the GH joint?

A

Glenohumeral. Joint between the head of the humerus and the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the SC joint?

A

Sternoclavicular. Manubrium of sternum and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the AC joint?

A

Acromioclavicular. Scapula (acromion) and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

The functional relationship between the GH and ST joints to create motion in the shoulder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the 3:2:1 ratio of the shoulder mean?

A

For every 3 degrees of elevation, 2 degrees occurs at the GH joint and 1 degree at the ST joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are extrinsic muscles and what are they also called?

A

Axioappendicular. Muscles that originate in the axial skeleton and insert on the pectoral girdle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the posterior extrinsic muscles?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major/minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the anterior extrinsic muscles?

A

Pectoralis major and minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A 
Deltoid
Teres major
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

SITS

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do ITS of “SITS” muscles do?

A

Provide downward force on the gelnoid to prevent upward translation during abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscle(s) are injured due to repetitive use such as throwing and swimming?

A

Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon among others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the fibrous joints?

A

Suture, Syndemosis, Gomphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous joints?

A

Synchrondosis, Symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What makes a joint biaxial?

A

Can conduct motion in 2 planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The Atlanto-Occipital joint is the ____ joint.

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The Atlanto-Axial joint is the ____ joint.

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the attachments of the pectoralis major muscle?

A 
Claviuclar head (medial half)
Sternocostal head (upper 6 costal cartilages)
Intertubercular groove of humerus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the action of pec major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the innervation of pec major?

A

Lateral and medial pectoralis nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the attachments of pec minor?

A

Ribs 3-5 and corocoid process of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the innervation of pec minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the action of pec minor?

A

Stabilize scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the attachments of the serratus anterior?

A

Lateral parts of ribs 1-8

Medial border of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

Protract ands upwardly rotates the scapula
holds the scapula against the thoracic wall thus damage to this muscle or long thoracic nerve will cause scapular winging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the attachment of the subclavius?

A

Junction of the first rib and costal cartilage

Inferior surface of clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the action of the subclavius?

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the innervation of the subclavius?

A

Nerve to subclavius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the attachment of the coracobrachialis?

A

Tip of coracoid process on scapula

Medial, mid-shaft of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flex and adduct the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the attachments of the deltoid?

A

Spine of scapula
Acromion
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the THREE actions of the deltoid?

A
  1. Anterior: shoulder flexion
  2. Middle: shoulder abduction
  3. Posterior: shoulder extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the attachment of the teres major?

A

Inferior lateral aspect of scapula

Intertubercular groove of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the action of the teres major?

A

Shoulder medial/internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the innervation of the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the attachment of the supraspinatus?

A 
Supraspintus fossa
Greater tubercle (posterior of humeral head)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the attachments of the infraspinatus?

A 
Infraspinous fossa
Greater tubercle (posterior of humeral head)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which of the SITS muscles attach the greater tubercle?

A

SIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are the attachments of the teres minor?

A 
Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula
Greater tubercle (posterior of humeral head)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the attachments of the subscapularis?

A 
Subscapularis fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
Lesser tubercle (anterior humeral head)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the action of the suprasinatus?

A

Abduction of humerus (first 15 degrees before deltoid takes over)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the inntervation of the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the action of the infrasinatus?

A

Lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

Shoulder lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the innervation of the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

56
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapularis?

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

57
Q

What is the action of subscapularis?

A

Shoulder medial rotation

58
Q

What prevents elevation of the humerus when the deltoid pulls to abduct the arm?

A

Rotator cuff muscles pull down

This avoids impingement of the suprapinatus tendon under the coracoacromial arch

59
Q

Rupture of the supraspinatus tendon causes…

A

a high-riding humerus

60
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by the _____ rami of spinal nerves ___ - ____.

A

Ventral

C5-T1

61
Q

The brachial plexus innervates all muscles that function in the upper extremity except _______.

A

The trapezius

62
Q

Each spinal nerve gives rise to ______ and ______ ______.

A

Anterior and posterior rami

63
Q

What nemonic can be used to remember the “breakdown” of the brachial plexus

A

Remember To Drink Cold Beer

Roots Trunks(+) Divisions(-) Cords(+) Terminal Branches(-)

64
Q

How many roots of the brachial plexus exist?

A

5

65
Q

How many trunks?

A

3

Superior Middle Inferior

66
Q

How does each trunk divide?

A

Anterior and posterior of each

67
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Medial
Lateral
Posterior

68
Q

Each brachial plexus cord divides into _____ nerves

A

2

69
Q

What parts of the brachial plexus do supraclavicular branches come off?

A

Roots and trunks

70
Q

What kind of joint is the the SC joint?

A

Saddle synovial joint w/ a fibrocartilage disc

71
Q

What are the ligaments of the SC joint?

A

Sternoclavicular
Interclavicular
Costoclavicular

72
Q

What kind of joint is the AC joint?

A

Synovial joint with a coracoacromial ligament

73
Q

What kind of joint is the GH joint?

A

Ball and socket

74
Q

What are the non-contractile structures of GH stability?

A 
Glenoid labrum
Glenhoumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
75
Q

What are the attachments of the glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Scapula to head of the humerus. Superior, middle, inferior

76
Q

What is the transverse humeral ligament?

A

A bridge between the greater and lesser tubercles

77
Q

What stabilizes the tendon of the long head of the biceps?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

78
Q

What muscle passes under the coracoacromial arch? What is the significance?

A

Tendon of the supraspinatus, often impinged in rotator cuff injuries

79
Q

What is the coracoacromial arch?

A

Space between the coracoacromial ligament and the head of the humerus below

80
Q

What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

Shoulder abduction does not occur solely in the GH joint. After a certain point of abduction, the scapula also begins to rotate. Maintains articular contact

81
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius?

A

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12

Scapula spine, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle

82
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

Upper: elevates and upward rotates scapula
Middle: retracts
Lower: depresses and upward rotates scapula

83
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

84
Q

What are the attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous processes T7-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

Intertubercualar groove of humerus

85
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Shoulder extension, adduction, and IR

86
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

87
Q

What are the attachments of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of C1-C4

Superior medial border of scapula

88
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevation and downward rotation of scapula

89
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

90
Q

What are the attachments of the rhomboid minor muscle?

A

Spinous processes C7 and T1

Medial scapular at the scapular spine

91
Q

What are the attachments of the rhomboid major muscle?

A

Spinous processes T2-T5

Medial scapular border

92
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid muscles?

A

Retract and downwardly rotate scapula

93
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid muscles?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

94
Q

What are the origins of the axilary artery?

A

Aorta -> BT -> subclavian -> axillary

95
Q

When does the subclavian artery become known as the axillary artery?

A

The lateral border of the 1st rib

96
Q

When does the axillary artery become known as the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of the teres major

97
Q

What defines the regions of the axillary artery?

A

The pec minor muscle (I is proximal, II is deep, III is distal

98
Q

What branches off Axillary I?

A

Superior thoracic artery

99
Q

What branches off Axillary II?

A

Thoracoacromial trunj

Lateral thoracic artery

100
Q

What branches of Axillary III?

A

Subscapular artery ->
Circumflex scapular artery

Anterior humeral circumflex
Posterior humeral circumflex

101
Q

What is the origin of the suprascapular artery?

A

Subclavian -> thyrocervical trunk -> suprascapular

102
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal scapular artery

A

Subclavian -> dorsal scapular artey

103
Q

What is the major branch of the brachial artery?

A

Brachial profunda artery

104
Q

What happens when the brachial artery hits the elbow?

A

Divides into the radial artery and the ulnar artery (anterior and posterior interosseus arteries)

105
Q

What are the margins of the axillary vein?

A

Union of brachial and basilic veins at the inferior border to the teres major. Drain into subclavian

106
Q

What are the relative locations of the basilic and cephalic veins?

A

Basilic is more medial. Cephalic is more lateral

107
Q

When looking at the distal end of the humerus, what is the most bony process called?

A

The medial epicondyle

108
Q

What are the articulations of the arm and forearm?

A

Capitulum: H and radius
Trochlea: Trochlea and ulna

CRTU

109
Q

Which joint is more stable/articulated? radius or ulna with humerus? How does this other joint stay stable?

A

Ulnahumeral joint

thus annular ligament needed to stabilize the radius

110
Q

What is nursemaids elbow?

A

Radius dislocation from annular ligament

111
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture?

A

Dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in conjunction with a forearm fracture

112
Q

What is the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Ligament that blends with the annular ligament to prevent medial deviation

113
Q

What is of collateral ligament?

A

Prevents lateral deviation of elbow

114
Q

What is Tommy John syndrome?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament (aka medial collateral ligament) is replaced (e.g. in pitchers)

115
Q

Supination/pronation of the elbow is created solely by what?

A

Movement of the radius around the fixed ulna

116
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A 
Biceps brachii (short and long head)
Brachialis
117
Q

What are the attchments of the biceps brachii?

A

Short: coracoid process of scapula
Long: supraglenoid tubercle

Both originate on radius

118
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

119
Q

What are the attchments of the brachialis?

A

Distal anterior humerus

Coronoid process of ulna

120
Q

What is the innervation of the brachialis?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

121
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Triceps brachii

Brachioradialis

122
Q

What are the attachments of the triceps brachii?

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral head: posterior superior humerus

Medial head (deep): posterior inf. humerus

All heads: olecranon of the ulna

123
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps?

A

Radial nerve

124
Q

What are the attachments of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge

Lateral distal radius

125
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

Flexes elbow

126
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis? Why is this unique?

A

Radial nerve. This is the only muscle innervated by the radial nerve that FLEXES rather than extends

127
Q

What are the attachments of the supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, crest of ulna

Lateral posterior and anterior surface of radius

128
Q

What does the supinator do?

A

Supinates forearm

129
Q

What is the innervation of the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

130
Q

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

A

Flexes elbow AND supinates the forearm

131
Q

What are the attachments of the pronator teres?

A

Coronoid process AND medial epicondyle (two heads)

Lateral surface of radius

132
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of forearm and weak flexor of forearm

133
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

134
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseus nerve (from median nerve)

135
Q

What are the attachments of the pronator quadratus?

A

Distal anterior ulna and distal anterior radius

Body Structures 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions