POPH192 Lecture 33 - Prevention Flashcards
what is primary prevention?
interventions that attempt to prevent disease from occurring
-i.e reduce the incidence of disease
what is secondary prevention?
reduced the impact of disease by shortening its duration, reducing severity or preventing recurrence
what is tertiary prevention?
reduce the number or impact of complications; improve rehabilitation
what is a high risk (or individual) strategy for primary prevention?
“individuals in special need are identified..The preventative process then takes the from of controlling the level of exposure to a cause or… or providing protection against the consequences of the exposure…in this high risk group”
what is a population (or mass) strategy for primary prevention?
“aims to reduce the health risks of the entire population”
what are the advantages of the population/mass strategy?
- radical
- large potential for whole population
- behaviourally appropriate (i.e establishes norms)
what are the disadvantages of the population/mass strategy?
- small benefit to individuals
- poor motivation of subject
- benefit-to-risk ratio may be low for individuals
what are the advantages of the high risk/individual strategy?
- appropriate to individuals
- subject motivation
- clinician motivation
- favourable benefit-risk ratio for individuals
what are the disadvantages of the high risk/individual strategy?
- need to identify individuals
- might be against population norms
- can be hard to sustain behavioural change
what is the prevention paradox?
‘a large number of people at small risk may give rise to more cases of disease than the small number who are at high risk’