POPH192 Lecture 18 - Measures of Association Flashcards
what are the measures of association?
1) logic of analytic epidemiology
2) measures of association in terms of relative risk and absolute risk
what are the 4 types of analytic study designs?
1) cross-sectional & ecological
2) cohort
3) case-control
4) randomised controlled trial
what does PECOT stand for?
P=population (the group of people in the study)
E=exposure (what the potential determinant is)
C=comparison (what the potential determinant is being compared to)
O=outcome (the health outcome being assessed)
T=time (how long people are being followed up)
what is the source population?
population the sample is recruited from
what is the sample population?
population included in your study
what is the relative risk in terms of analytic epidemiology?
in analytic epidemiology we seek to quantify the degree to which an exposure increases or decreases the likelihood of the outcome
what is the rain of incidences for relative risk equation?
exposed/comparison
what is the relationship between exposure and outcome?
there is no association between exposure and outcome
what is a risk factor for the outcome?
if the outcome is bad, exposure is potentially a risk factor
how to interpret the relative risk?
the exposed group were value as likely to develop outcome compared to comparison group (same interpretation if using incidence proportion or incidence rate)
relative risk vs risk difference?
relative risk -clues to aetiology (causes) -strength of association risk difference -impact of exposure -impact of removing exposure
how do we know if an exposure is associated with an outcome?
compare development of outcome in people with exposure with development of outcome in people without the exposure (quantify with a measure of association)
