Polysaccharides Flashcards
What is the composition of STARCH
Amylose(just glucose) + Amylopectin(just glucose) = glucose polymer
What are the bonds in STARCH
Amylose: Alpha1->4 glycosidic bond
Amylopectin: Alpha1->4 and Alpha1->6 glycosidic bonds
What are the food sources of STARCH
Potatoes, veggies, cereals
What is the composition of GLYCOGEN
Glucose polymer
What are the bonds in GLYCOGEN
Alpha1->4 and Alpha1->6 glycosidic bonds (more branching than amylopectin)
What tissues make and store GLYCOGEN
Liver + muscle
What is the composition of CELLULOSE
Glucose polymer
What are the bonds in CELLULOSE
Beta1->4 glycosidic bonds (indigestible in humans, fermented by bacteria in GI, especially in ruminants (cows))
What is a food source of CELLULOSE
Celery
What type of fiber is CELLULOSE
Insoluble fiber
Where in plants is cellulose found
Plant cell walls
What is the function of fiber in cellulose
Gives stool “bulk,” decreases bowel transit time (protects against colon cancer)
What type of fiber is BETA GLUCANS
Soluble fiber
What is a food source of BETA GLUCANS
Oats (cereal)
What is the function of BETA GLUCANS
Gives feeling of “fullness” after eating
What disease is beta glucans protective against
cardiovascular disease
What is the composition of INULIN
Fructose polymer = Fructosan
What are the food sources of INULIN
Artichoke roots, dandelions, dahlias, onions, bananas, starch of tubers
What is the function of FOS
Fructooligosaccharides provide “food” for good intestinal bacteria (colon) = Probiotic
What is the definition of a PROBIOTIC
Carb selectively supports growth/activity of bifold bacteria + lactobacilli
What does FOS act like in the intestines
Natural antibiotic
