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A-Level Chemistry > Polymers/Reactions - Nitrogen Compounds > Flashcards

Polymers/Reactions - Nitrogen Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small molecule with a double bond

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2
Q

What is addition polymerisation?

A

Double bond breaks to form single C-C to form long chain polymer

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3
Q

How do you draw an addition polymer?

A

Break double bond
Extent single bond out of brackets
Put “n” outside of right hand corner bracket

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4
Q

How do you draw the monomer for overall equation?

A

Can put brackets around

Put “n” in front

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5
Q

By using different monomers, what can we do?

A

Make different polymers with different properties

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6
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

When small molecules join together to form a larger molecule with a loss of another molecule - HCl/H2O

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7
Q

What are the two condensation reactions that produce H2O?

A

CA + alcohol —-> ester + H2O

CA + amine —-> amide + H2O

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8
Q

What are the two condensation reactions that produce HCl?

A

Acyl chloride + alcohol —-> ester + HCl

Acyl chloride + amine —-> amide + HCl

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9
Q

What are the two polymers that are made on a large scale?

A

Polyamides

Polyesters

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10
Q

What are polyesters joined by?

A

Ester linkage

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11
Q

What are the two ways of linking polyesters?

A

One monomer

Two monomers

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12
Q

What must be present when you are linking a polyester by one monomer?

A

Must contain OH and COOH group

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13
Q

What must be present when you are linking a polyester by two monomers?

A

One monomer = 2 OH groups

Other monomer = 2 COOH groups

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14
Q

What must you always remember to do when you draw out a polymer?

A

Draw the bonds on the end elements

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15
Q

What must you do for the repeat unit?

A

Put brackets around it

Extend end bonds out of brackets

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16
Q

What must you do for an overall equation?

A

Compound with “n” in front
Then repeating unit with “n” at right hand corner
+ (2n-1)H2O/HCl

17
Q

Why is it (2n-1)?

A

As end OH + H don’t join together

18
Q

What is a group called with two OH groups?

A

Diol

19
Q

What is the group called with two carboxylic acids?

A

Dicarboxylic acid

20
Q

What are polyamides joined by?

A

Amide linkages

21
Q

What are the two ways of linking polyamides?

A

One monomer

Two monomers

22
Q

What must be present when you are linking a polyamide by one monomer?

A

COOH + NH2

23
Q

What must be present when you are linking a polyamide by two monomers?

A

One monomer = 2 COOH groups

Two monomers = 2 NH2 groups

24
Q

What can polyamides also be formed from?

A

Acyl chloride + amine group

25
Q

What can polyesters also be formed from?

A

Acyl chloride + alcohol

26
Q

What are the two polymers that you hydrolyse?

A

Polyesters

Polyamides

27
Q

How can condensation polymers be reversed?

A

By hydrolysing them with water

28
Q

What is the problem with hydrolysis?

A

Takes a very long time

29
Q

What do we do to speed up the process of hydrolysis?

A

By adding an acid or a base

30
Q

What is being broken in hydrolysis?

A

The ester or amide linkage

31
Q

What happens when you add an acid to a polyester?

A

OH adds on to CO to form COOH

H adds on to O to form OH

32
Q

What happens when you add an alkali to a polyester?

A

O- Na+ adds on to CO to form COO-Na+

H adds on to O to form OH

33
Q

What is formed when you add an alkali to a polyester?

A

Dicarboxylate salt

34
Q

What do polyesters prefer hydrolysis with?

A

Base

35
Q

What happens when you add an acid to a polyamide?

A

2H’s add on to NH to form NH3+

OH adds on to CO to form COOH

36
Q

What happens when you add an alkali to a polyamide?

A

H add on to NH to form NH2

O- Na+ add on to CO to form COO-Na+

37
Q

What do polyamides prefer hydrolysis with?

A

Acid

38
Q

What is formed when you add an alkali to a polyamide?

A

Dicarboxylate salt

A-Level Chemistry (26 decks)

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