Polymers/Reactions - Nitrogen Compounds Flashcards
What is a monomer?
A small molecule with a double bond
What is addition polymerisation?
Double bond breaks to form single C-C to form long chain polymer
How do you draw an addition polymer?
Break double bond
Extent single bond out of brackets
Put “n” outside of right hand corner bracket
How do you draw the monomer for overall equation?
Can put brackets around
Put “n” in front
By using different monomers, what can we do?
Make different polymers with different properties
What is a condensation reaction?
When small molecules join together to form a larger molecule with a loss of another molecule - HCl/H2O
What are the two condensation reactions that produce H2O?
CA + alcohol —-> ester + H2O
CA + amine —-> amide + H2O
What are the two condensation reactions that produce HCl?
Acyl chloride + alcohol —-> ester + HCl
Acyl chloride + amine —-> amide + HCl
What are the two polymers that are made on a large scale?
Polyamides
Polyesters
What are polyesters joined by?
Ester linkage
What are the two ways of linking polyesters?
One monomer
Two monomers
What must be present when you are linking a polyester by one monomer?
Must contain OH and COOH group
What must be present when you are linking a polyester by two monomers?
One monomer = 2 OH groups
Other monomer = 2 COOH groups
What must you always remember to do when you draw out a polymer?
Draw the bonds on the end elements
What must you do for the repeat unit?
Put brackets around it
Extend end bonds out of brackets
What must you do for an overall equation?
Compound with “n” in front
Then repeating unit with “n” at right hand corner
+ (2n-1)H2O/HCl
Why is it (2n-1)?
As end OH + H don’t join together
What is a group called with two OH groups?
Diol
What is the group called with two carboxylic acids?
Dicarboxylic acid
What are polyamides joined by?
Amide linkages
What are the two ways of linking polyamides?
One monomer
Two monomers
What must be present when you are linking a polyamide by one monomer?
COOH + NH2
What must be present when you are linking a polyamide by two monomers?
One monomer = 2 COOH groups
Two monomers = 2 NH2 groups
What can polyamides also be formed from?
Acyl chloride + amine group
What can polyesters also be formed from?
Acyl chloride + alcohol
What are the two polymers that you hydrolyse?
Polyesters
Polyamides
How can condensation polymers be reversed?
By hydrolysing them with water
What is the problem with hydrolysis?
Takes a very long time
What do we do to speed up the process of hydrolysis?
By adding an acid or a base
What is being broken in hydrolysis?
The ester or amide linkage
What happens when you add an acid to a polyester?
OH adds on to CO to form COOH
H adds on to O to form OH
What happens when you add an alkali to a polyester?
O- Na+ adds on to CO to form COO-Na+
H adds on to O to form OH
What is formed when you add an alkali to a polyester?
Dicarboxylate salt
What do polyesters prefer hydrolysis with?
Base
What happens when you add an acid to a polyamide?
2H’s add on to NH to form NH3+
OH adds on to CO to form COOH
What happens when you add an alkali to a polyamide?
H add on to NH to form NH2
O- Na+ add on to CO to form COO-Na+
What do polyamides prefer hydrolysis with?
Acid
What is formed when you add an alkali to a polyamide?
Dicarboxylate salt
