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A-Level Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The “weighted mean” mass of an atom relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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2
Q

What is isotopic mass?

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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3
Q

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of two isotopes?

A

Multiply the atomic mass by the percentage

Divide by the two percentages added together (they must add to give 100)

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4
Q

Why are neutrons present in the nucleus?

A

Provide binding so that the protons don’t repel each other

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5
Q

What is the charge and mass of a proton?

A

+1

1

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6
Q

What is the charge and mass of a neutron?

A

0

1

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7
Q

What is the charge and mass of a electron?

A

-1

1/1836

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8
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element but with a different number of neutrons but same number of protons

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9
Q

What are the 3 isotopes of hydrogen?

A

Protium
deuterium
Tritium

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10
Q

What is the formula for ammonium?

A

NH4 +

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11
Q

What is the formula for nitrate?

A

NO3 -

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12
Q

What is the formula for sulfate?

A

SO4 2-

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13
Q

What is the formula for hydroxide?

A

OH -

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14
Q

What is the formula for phosphate?

A

PO4 3-

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15
Q

What is the formula for carbonate?

A

CO3 2-

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16
Q

What is the formula for permanganate?

A

MnO4 -

17
Q

What is the formula for dichromate?

A

Cr2O7 2-

18
Q

What is the formula for chromate?

A

CrO4 2-

19
Q

What is the formula for peroxide?

A

O2 -

20
Q

When writing ionic equations what do you do?

A

Write out the ionic equation
Eliminate spectator ions
Don’t include giant structures eg. solids or covalent bonds

21
Q

Why did Niels Bohr think Rutherford’s model was wrong?

A

Electrons couldn’t be freely orbiting as if this was true they would spiral into the nucleus
So he said they were in a fixed orbital/shell

22
Q

According to Bohr, what happens when electrons in an atom move from one shell to another?

A

Electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed

23
Q

How do you know if something is polar?

A

If it has all the same elements attached + lone pair
Or
If it hasn’t got al the same elements + no lone pair

24
Q

How do you know if something is non-polar?

A

If something hasn’t got all the same elements + lone pair
Or
If it has all the same elements + no lone pair

A-Level Chemistry (26 decks)

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