Equilibrium Flashcards
What is dynamic equilibrium?
When the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the backwards reaction. Concentration of reactions + products remain constant
What is the general equation for dynamic equilibrium?
A + B —> C + D
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
When a system in equilibrium is subjected to an external change the system readjusts itself to minimise the effect of that change
What would happen if you increased the concentration of reactants/products in equilibrium?
Equilibrium position would shift to the other side
What would happen if you decreased the concentration of reactants/products in equilibrium?
Equilibrium position would shift to the other side
What would happen if you increased the temperature of a reaction in equilibrium?
Equilibrium position would shift in the endothermic direction
What would happen if you decreased the temperature of a reaction in equilibrium?
Equilibrium position would shift in the exothermic direction
What would happen if you increased the pressure of a reaction in equilibrium?
Equilibrium position would shift in the side with the fewest moles of gas
What would happen if you decreased the pressure of a reaction in equilibrium?
Equilibrium position would shift in the side with the most moles of gas
What effect does catalysts have on the equilibrium position?
NONE
How do the rate of the forwards and reverse reaction increase?
By the same amount
What does enthaply change tell you in equilibrium reaction?
The reaction type of the forwards reaction
What happens when it shifts to the right?
MORE PRODUCTS
What is the equation for the Haber process?
N2(g) + 3H2(g) —-> 2NH3(g)
What can Le Chatelier’s Principle be used to predict?
The best conditions needed to force the equilibrium to the right in order to produce the maximum yield
Why would you not use a low temperature in the Haber process?
Produce a high yield but at a very slow rate
Why would you not use a high pressure in the Haber process?
Safety issues
Needs lots of energy
What type of conditions does the Haber process normally operate under?
Compromise conditions
What would using a high enough temperature ensure in the Haber process?
Reasonable rate without shifting equilibrium Good yield Quick Cheap Safe
What are the conditions for the Haber process?
300-350 degrees
100-200 atm
Iron catalyst
What does the iron catalyst do in the Haber process?
Speed up the reaction so a lower temperature can be used
What is the yield percentage for the Haber process?
15%
What happens to the unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen in the Haber process?
Repeatedly recycled back into the process
How is the exact position of equilibrium calculated?
Using equilibrium law
