Polymers

Question 1

What does condensation polymerisation involve

Answer 1

The reaction between monomers containing two different functional groups with the loss of a small molecule

Question 2

What can polyesters be formed from

Answer 2

The reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Question 3

What can polyesters be formed from beside a carboxylic acid and what would the other product be in this casee

Answer 3

Acyl chloride

Product would be HCl

Question 4

How are the monomers joined together in polyesters

Answer 4

An Ester link

Question 5

Polyesters: what is eliminated when the Ester link forms

Answer 5

A molecule of water

Question 6

Polyesters: what is removed from the COOH group when the Ester link forms

Answer 6

OH group

Question 7

Polyesters: what is removed from the OH group of the alcohol when the Ester link is formed

Answer 7

h atom

Question 8

Uses of polyesters

Answer 8

Fibres

Question 9

Polyesters: when can polyesters be formed from a single monomer

Answer 9

If it contains both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid group

Question 10

Polyamides: what are polyamides formed from

Answer 10

The reaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine

Question 11

Polyamides: what are the monomers joined together by

Answer 11

An amide link

Question 12

Polyamides: what is eliminated when the amide link forms

Answer 12

A molecule of water

Question 13

Polyamides: what is removed from the acid grou owhen the link forms

Answer 13

OH

Question 14

What is removed from the NH2 group of the amine when the amide rink forms

Answer 14

H ATOM

Question 15

what is nylon 6,6 formed from

Answer 15

1,6 diaminohexane and hexane 1,6 dicarboxylic acid

Question 16

uses of nylon 6 6

Answer 16

fibres, ropes, carpets, parachute silk

Question 17

what is kevlar formed from

Answer 17

1,4 diamino benzene and benzene dicarboxylic acid

Question 18

uses of kevlar

Answer 18

bullet proof material

Question 19

what are the uses of kevlar due to

Answer 19

its strength

Question 20

what is kevlars strength a result of

Answer 20

its structure

Question 21

why can kevlar chains pack closely together

Answer 21

theyre planar

Question 22

what does it mean that kevlar chains can pack closely together

Answer 22

intermolecular forces between neighbouring chains are stronger than in other polymers

Question 23

what is the strongest intermolecular force present in kevlar

Answer 23

h bonding

Question 24

where does hydrogen bond from in kevlar

Answer 24

delta + H atom of one amide link and lp O=C of another `

Question 25

how can polyamides be formed

Answer 25

from a single monomer that contains both an amine and a carboxylic acid functional group

Question 26

what is nylon 6 formed from

Answer 26

6-aminohexanoic acid

Question 27

what monomers are polypeptide made from

Answer 27

amino acid monomers

Question 28

why can amino acids react together to form a condensation polymer

Answer 28

each has an amine group and a carboxylic acid group

Question 29

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: condensation polymerisation involves...

Answer 29

monomers joining together with the elimination of a small molecule such as water or HCl

Question 30

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: in condensation the monomers must be either...

Answer 30

one molecule with 2 different functional groups/2 different molecules each with 2 functional groups

Question 31

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: condensation polymers normally contain which kind of linkages

Answer 31

ester or amide

Question 32

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: addition polymerisation involves

Answer 32

successive addition of a monomer to the growing polymer chain

Question 33

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: the monomer in addition polymerisation is normally

Answer 33

an alkene RCH=CH2

Question 34

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: the backbone of an addition polymer is

Answer 34

a continuous chain of carbon atoms

Question 35

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: which kind of polymers are generally stronger and more rigid

Answer 35

condensation polymers are generally stronger and more rigid than addition

Question 36

comparison of addition and condensation polymers: why are condensation polymers generally stronger and more rigid

Answer 36

IMF between polymer chains - condensation: contain polar bonds - polyesters: permanent dipole-dipole between chains - polyamides: hydrogen bonds between chains

Question 37

what does a repeating unit show

Answer 37

one of each monomer present in the polymer chain

Question 38

why are addition polymers chemically inert

Answer 38

carbon skeleton consists of C-C single bonds

Question 39

can addition polymers be hydrolysed

Answer 39

no

Question 40

can polyamides and polyesters be hydrolysed

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

hydrolysis

Answer 41

breaking a bond using water

Question 42

why is a catalyst used in hydrolysis of polyamides and polyesters

Answer 42

reaction is slow so catalyst added to increase rate

Question 43

what catalysts can be used for hydrolysis of polyamides and polyesters

Answer 43

aqueous strong acid/aqueous strong base

Question 44

conditions for hydrolysis polyesters and polyamides

Answer 44

heat and reflux

Question 45

why are addition polymers inert

Answer 45

the bonds between the repeat units are strong and non polar so are not susceptible to attack by nucleohiles

Question 46

why are addition polymers non biodegradable and what does this mean

Answer 46

because they are inert means they build up in waste tips and landfill sites

Question 47

why can polyesters and polyamides be broken down by hydrolysis

Answer 47

because the bonds between the repeating units are polar so are susceptible to attack by nucleophiles

Question 48

are polyesters and polyamides biodegradable

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

what 3 methods are there for the disposal of polymers

Answer 49

- burying - combustion - sorting for reusing/recycling

Question 50

advantage of burying

Answer 50

cheap and easy

Question 51

disadvantage burying

Answer 51

requires areaas of land waste releases methane and can release toxins (could run into water supplies) when decomposing

Question 52

advantage combustion

Answer 52

produces heat energy

Question 53

disadvantage combustion

Answer 53

- increases levels CO2 - incomplete combustion- CO or C particles - burning polystyrene under certain conditions can lead to toxic styrene vapour - burning chlorinated polymers- HCl gas needs to be removed

Question 54

advantage recycling

Answer 54

- polymers derived from crude oil- saves expensive resource by recycling - saves energy from crude oil refining - reduces landfill - less CO2 than burning

Question 55

disadvantage recycling

Answer 55

- plastics need to be collected, transported and sorted- energy, manpower- expensive - can be technically difficult to recycle some plastics - often cant remake plastic started with- have to make something else