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Chemistry > 1.3 Bonding > Flashcards

1.3 Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Metallic bonding

A

The attraction between delocalised outer shell electrons and positive metal ions in a lattice

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2
Q

How are the metal ions arranged

A

Packed close together in layers in a regular way

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3
Q

What are the metal ions surrounded by

A

Mobile electrons

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4
Q

What do mobile electrons do

A

Move freely within structure

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5
Q

What does delocalised mean

A

Displaced from where it’s expected to be

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6
Q

What does giant mean

A

A huge structure- consisting of millions and millions of atoms

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7
Q

What does the number of delocalised electrons depend on

A

How many electrons are lost from each metal atom

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8
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice

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9
Q

Where does ionic bonding occur

A

Between metals and non metals

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10
Q

What happens in ionic bonding

A

Electrons are transferred from a metal to a non metal

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11
Q

What is formed as a result of ionic bonding

A

Positive and negative ions

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12
Q

What do metal atoms do

A

Lose electrons and become positively charged

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13
Q

What do non metals do

A

Gain electrons and become negatively charged

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14
Q

What is the charge on a simple ion related to

A

It’s position in the periodic table

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15
Q

What ion is formed from group 1 elements

A

+1

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16
Q

What ion is formed from group 2 elements

A

+2

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17
Q

What ion is formed from group 3 elements

A

+3

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18
Q

What ion is formed from group 5 elements

A

-3

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19
Q

What ion is formed from group 6 elements

A

-2

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20
Q

What ion is formed from group 7 elements

A

-1

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21
Q

What does boron not do

A

Form ions (covalently bonds)

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22
Q

Do carbon and silicon usually form ions?

A

No

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23
Q

What can transition elements do

A

Form more than one stable ion

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24
Q

What are compound ions

A

Covalently bonded species carrying a charge

Eg. Hydroxide and carbonate

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25
Covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons
26
Where does covalent bonding occur
Between atoms of non- metals
27
What is a pair of electrons which is not bonded called
A lone pair
28
When is a double bond formed
When 2 pairs of electrons are shared
29
When is a triple bond formed
When 3 pairs of electrons are shared
30
What is a non- octet molecule
A molecule where the central atom doesn't have a noble gas electron arrangement (8 electrons in a full shell)
31
Coordinate/dative bonding
A covalent bond in which both electrons of the shared pair come from the same atom
32
The atom that donates the electrons has a...
Lone pair
33
The atom that accepts the electron pair does not have a full outer shell of electrons. It is...
Electron deficient
34
How can coordinate bonds be shown
Using an arrow. The arrow points from the atom donating the electrons
35
What happens once the coordinate bond is formed
It behaves like a normal covalent bond
36
What 3 things is the shape of a molecule determined by
The total number of electron pairs around the central atom The number of bonding pairs of electrons The number of lone pairs of electrons
37
What can the shape of molecules be predicted by
The electron pair repulsion theory
38
What does the electron pair repulsion theory state
* pairs of electrons repel each other so they they are as far apart as possible * lone pairs repel slightly more than bonded pairs because they're more compact * the molecule or ion takes up a shape which minimises these repulsions * each lone pair reduces the bond angle by 2.5 degrees
39
How to draw a bond in the plain of the paper
A line
40
How to draw a bond coming out of the paper
A wedge
41
How to draw a bond going into the paper
A dotted line
42
What are compound ions
Covalently bonded species carrying a charge
43
What shape is a molecule with 2 bond pairs and no lone pairs
Linear
44
What is the bond angle of a linear structure
180
45
What is the shape of a molecule with 3 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs
Trigonal planar
46
What is the bond angle of a trigonal planar
120
47
What is the name of the molecule with 4 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs
Tetrahedral
48
What is the bond angle of a tetrahedral structure
109.5
49
What shape is the molecule with 5 bond pairs and 0 lone pairs
Trigonal bipyramidal
50
What are the bond angles for a trigonal bipyramidal structure
90 and 120
51
What is the shape of a molecule with 6 bond pairs and no lone pairs
Octahedral
52
What is the bond angle for an octahedral structure
90
53
What is the bond angle in an octahedral structure
90
54
Do bonding pairs of electrons in double/triple bonds repel in the same way
Yes so the shape and bond angle are the same
55
What is the shape of a molecule with 2 bond pairs and 1 lone pairs
Bent v-shaped
56
What is the bond angle of a bent v shaped molecule with 1 lone pair
118
57
What is the shape of the molecule with 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair
Pyramidal
58
What is the bond angle of a pyramidal structure
107
59
What is the shape of the molecule with 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs
V shaped
60
What is the bond angle of a v shaped molecule with 2 lone pairs
104.5
61
Why is the bond angle smaller for a v shaped molecule with 2 lone pairs than a v shaped molecule with 1 lone pair
More repulsion
62
What is the shape of a molecule with 3 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs
Trigonal planar
63
What is the bond angle of a trigonal planar
120
64
What is the shape of a molecule with 4 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs
Square planar
65
What is the bond angle in a square planar
90
66
What happens when an atom forms a coordinate bond
The shape changes as the number of bonding and lone pairs change
67
Why does the shape of a molecule change when a coordinate bond forms
Bond pairs repel less than lone pairs so bond angle increases slightly

Chemistry (42 decks)

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