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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of…

A

Carbon and it’s compounds

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2
Q

What sort of bonds does carbon form

A

Covalent

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3
Q

Molecular formula

A

The actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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4
Q

Empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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5
Q

What do we need to know to work out the molecular formula from the empirical formula

A

Mr

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6
Q

Structural formula

A

Shows how atoms in a molecule are arranged

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7
Q

Displayed formula

A

Shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule

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8
Q

Skeletal formula

A

Shows the shape of the carbon skeleton

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9
Q

Homologous series

A

A family of compounds containing the same functional group and having the same general formula but having a different carbon chain length. Each successive member has an extra CH2

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10
Q

Functional group

A

An atom or group of atoms which gives an organic compound it’s particular chemical properties

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11
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms only

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12
Q

Alkanes

A

Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only

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13
Q

Alkenes

A

Contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds

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14
Q

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

Chains

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15
Q

Alicyclic hydrocarbons

A

Rings

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16
Q

Aromatic hydrocarbons

A

Benzene rings

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17
Q

What is nomenclature

A

A system of naming compounds

18
Q

What 3 main parts do names of organic compounds have

A

The stem

The prefix

The suffix

19
Q

What does the stem tell us

A

How many carbons there are in the longest chain bearing the functional group

20
Q

Where is the prefix added

A

Before the stem

21
Q

What does the prefix tell us

A

The position of the side chains and/or functional groups

Side chains are often alkyl groups

22
Q

What is an alkyl group

A

An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed

Usually denoted by letter R

23
Q

Where is the suffix added

A

After the stem

24
Q

What does the suffix tell us

A

The functional group present

25
Q

What is the stem and alkyl group for 1 carbon in longest chain

A

Meth

Methyl

26
Q

Why is the stem and alkyl group for 2 carbons in longest chain

A

Eth

Ethyl

27
Q

What is the stem and alkyl group of 3 carbons in longest chain

A

Prop

Propyl

28
Q

What is the stem and alkyl group of longest carbon chain 4

A

But

Butyl

29
Q

What is the stem and alkyl group of 5 in longest carbon chain

A

Pent

Pentyl

30
Q

What is the stem and alkyl group of 6 carbons in longest chain

A

Hex

Hexyl

31
Q

General formula aliphatic alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

32
Q

Can the chains be branched or unbranched in aliphatic chains

A

Both

33
Q

General formula cyclic alkanes

A

CnH2n

34
Q

Stem of cyclic alkanes

A

Cyclo followed by name of longest continuous carbon ring

35
Q

Isomers

A

Different compounds with the same molecular formula

36
Q

Structural isomers

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula

37
Q

Sub divisions of structural isomers

A

Chain isomers

Position isomers

Functional group isomers

38
Q

What are chain isomers

A

Have same molecular formula but their structures have the hydrocarbon chain arranged differently

39
Q

Position isomers

A

Have functional group in different positions

40
Q

Functional group isomers

A

Have same molecular formula but a different functional group

41
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

42
Q

Two types of stereoisomers

A

E/Z or geometric

Optical

Chemistry (42 decks)

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