3.9 carboxylic acids part 2

Question 1

what Is acylation

Answer 1

the process by which the acyl group is introduced to another molecule

Question 2

what is the acyl group

Answer 2

-COR

Question 3

what are compounds which have the acyl group as part of their structure called

Answer 3

acid derivatives

Question 4

general formula acyl chlorides

Answer 4

CnH2n-1O

Question 5

two important acid derivatives

Answer 5

acyl chlorides

acid anhydrides

Question 6

which bond of the acid derivative is planar

Answer 6

carbonyl bond- C=O

Question 7

are carboxylic acids or acid derivatives more reactive

Answer 7

acid derivatives- they react with nucleophiles

Question 8

nucleophile

Answer 8

electron pair donor

Question 9

nucleophiles that react with acid derivatives

Answer 9

H2O, ROH, NH3 and R-NH2

Question 10

what are acyl chlorides hydrolysed in water to form

Answer 10

carboxylic acids

Question 11

reagent for reaction of acyl chloride with water

Answer 11

water and acyl chloride

Question 12

general equation acyl chloride + water

Answer 12

RCOCl + H2O > RCOOH + HCl (white fumes)

Question 13

name of mechanism for all acylation reactions

Answer 13

nucleophilic addition-elimination

Question 14

what do acyl chlorides react with ammonia to form

Answer 14

amides

Question 15

reagent for acylation with ammonia

Answer 15

NH3 (excess)

Question 16

general equation acylation with ammonia

Answer 16

RCOCl + NH3 > RCONH2 + HCl

Question 17

what do acyl chlorides react with alcohols to form

Answer 17

esters

Question 18

reagent acylation with alcohol

Answer 18

R1OH RCOCl

Question 19

general equation acylation with alcohol

Answer 19

RCOCl+ R1OH > RCOOR1 + HCl

Question 20

what do acyl chlorides react with primary amines to form

Answer 20

amides

Question 21

reagent acylation with primary amines

Answer 21

R-NH2 (excess)

Question 22

general equation acylation with primary amines

Answer 22

RCOCl + R1-NH2 > RCONHR1 + HCl

Question 23

what is an N substituted amide

Answer 23

one of the hydrogens on the nitrogen has been substituted for a methyl group (acylation)

Question 24

what do acid anhydrides undergo similar reactions to

Answer 24

acyl chlorides

Question 25

what are acid anhydrides hydrolysed in water to form

Answer 25

carboxylic acids

Question 26

general equation acid anhydride + water

Answer 26

RCOOCOR + H2O > RCOOH + RCOOH

Question 27

acid anhydride + water produces

Answer 27

2 carboxylic acids

Question 28

what do acid anhydrides react with ammonia to form

Answer 28

amides

Question 29

general equation acid anhydrides + ammonia

Answer 29

RCOOCOR +NH3 > RCONH2 + RCOOH

Question 30

acid anhydride and ammonia produces

Answer 30

amide and carboxylic acid

Question 31

what do acid anhydrides react with alcohols to form

Answer 31

esters

Question 32

general equation acid anhydride + alcohol

Answer 32

RCOOCOR + R1OH > RCOOR1 + RCOOH

Question 33

acid anhydride and alcohol produces

Answer 33

ester and carboxylic acid

Question 34

what do acid anhydrides react with primary amines to form

Answer 34

amides

Question 35

general equation primary amines + acid anhydride

Answer 35

RCOOCOR + R1NH2 > RCONR1H + RCOOH