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nat 5 chemistry > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

What are most plastics ?

A

Synthetic

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2
Q

What are the plastics we use on a daily basis obtained from ?

A

Chemicals obtained from crude oil

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3
Q

What are polymers?

A

Long chain molecules made up of many small units, called monomers

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4
Q

What can polymers either be ?

A

Natural or synthetic

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5
Q

What do natural mean and give 2 examples of natural polymers ?

A

Exists in nature

E.g. Starch & protein

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6
Q

What is meant by synthetic and give 2 examples of synthetic polymers ?

A

Made by the chemical industry from materials that come from crude oil (mostly from naphtha fraction)

E.g. Plastics & synthetic fibres

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7
Q

Why are synthetic polymers being used to replace natural polymers ?

A 
Wider range of properties such as: 
Flexibility 
Strength
Water resistant 
Weight
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8
Q

What are thermoplastics ?

A

Polymers that can be reshaped when heated.

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9
Q

What are thermosetting polymers ?

A

Polymers that cannot be reshaped when heated

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10
Q

What pollution is caused by synthetic polymers ?

Give 3 examples

A

Most are non-biodegradable
Produce polluting gases when burn.

E.g carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide .

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11
Q

What does addition polymerisation do ?

A

Uses unsaturated monomers

Breaks C=C double bonds to join molecules.

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12
Q

What does condensation polymerisation do ?

A

Uses monomers with two functional groups each : carboxyl hydroxyl amine

Water is also made in the process

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13
Q

What are addition polymers made from ?

A

Small unsaturated molecules produced by cracking

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14
Q

What is the name of these addition polymers : ethene

Propene

A

Polyethene

Polypropene

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15
Q

What are polymers structures made up of ?

A

Repeating patterns called repeating units

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16
Q

How do we find the monomer of a polymer ?

A

Put a double bond between the carbons in the repeating unit

17
Q

What are condensation polymers made from ?

A

Monomers with 2 functional groups per molecule

18
Q

What is the hydroxyl group

A

OH

19
Q

What is the carboxyl group ?

A

COOH

20
Q

What is the amine group ?

A

NH2

21
Q

What does a diol have ?

A

2 hydroxyl groups

22
Q

What does a diacid have ?

A

2 carboxyl groups

23
Q

What does a diamine have ?

A

2 amine groups

24
Q

How are polyester made ?

A

When diols and diacids react

25
Q

What is a condensation reaction ?

A

When two small molecules join together to make a larger molecule and water (or any other small molecule)

26
Q

How can polyester be broken down to the original monomer ?

A

Hydrolyis

27
Q

What are plastics ?

A

Substances made up of very large long chain molecules called polymers.

nat 5 chemistry (13 decks)

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