Fuels And Hydrocarbons

Question 1

How is energy released ?

Answer 1

Through burning

Question 2

What do things react with when they burn ?

Answer 2

Oxygen (oxidation)

Question 3

What is another word for burning ?

Answer 3

Combustion

Question 4

What is the test for oxygen ?

Answer 4

Relights a glowing splint

Question 5

What does potassium permanganate provide for the combustion of oxygen ?

Answer 5

Plentiful supply of oxygen

Question 6

What are all combustion reactions?

Answer 6

Exothermic

Question 7

What is the word equation for the combustion of carbon?

Answer 7

Carbon + oxygen > carbon dioxide

Question 8

What is the chemical equation for the combustion of carbon?

Answer 8

C+O2 >CO2

Question 9

What is the test for carbon dioxide ?

Answer 9

Turns lime water milky

Question 10

What are the 3 things needed for burning to occur ?

Answer 10

Oxygen
Heat
Fuel

Question 11

What would happen if you took one of the 3 things for burning to occur ?

Answer 11

Fire would go out

Question 12

What is the word equation for the combustion of hydrogen ?

Answer 12

Hydrogen+oxygen>hydrogen oxide (water)

Question 13

What is the chemical equation for the combustion of hydrogen ?

Answer 13

H2+O2>H2O

Question 14

What is the balanced equation for the combustion of hydrogen ?

Answer 14

H2+1/2O2>H2O

Question 15

What do coal, oil and natural gas mainly consist of ?

Answer 15

Compounds called hydrocarbons

Question 16

What are hydrocarbons ?

Answer 16

Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon

Question 17

What do all hydrocarbons burn to produce?

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

What is the chemical equation for the combustion of methane?

Answer 18

CH4+O2>CO2+H2O

Question 19

What is the colour change for cobalt chloride paper?

Answer 19

Blue to pink

Question 20

What is the test for water ?

Answer 20

Boiling pt100

Freezes at 0

Question 21

What will happen when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen ?

Answer 21

Carbon will not burn completely

Question 22

What does incomplete combustion of carbon produce?

Answer 22

Carbon (soot) harmful dust particles

Carbon monoxide a colourless poisonous gas

Question 23

How can we reduce pollution ?(4)

Answer 23

Reduce reuse recycle
Catalytic converters in cars
Renewable energy sources
Carbon capture

Question 24

What is given out in exothermic reactions?

Answer 24

Heat energy

Question 25

What is the energy change in exothermic reactions ?

Answer 25

Chemical > heat

Question 26

How much chemical energy do the products have in exothermic reactions ?

Answer 26

Products have less chemical energy than the reactants

Question 27

What is taken in , in endothermic reactions ?

Answer 27

Heat energy

Question 28

What is the energy change in endothermic reactions?

Answer 28

Heat>chemical

Question 29

How much chemical energy do the products have in endothermic reactions ?

Answer 29

Products have more chemical energy than then reactants

Question 30

Give one example of an endothermic reaction?

Answer 30

Photosynthesis

Question 31

Give one example of an exothermic reaction?

Answer 31

Respiration

Question 32

What is the name given to carbon to carbon single bonds only ?

Answer 32

Saturated

Question 33

What is the general formula for alkanes ?

Answer 33

CnH2n+2

Question 34

What alkanes in the homologous series have in common ?

Answer 34

Same general formula | Similar chemical properties

Question 35

What is a fuel?

Answer 35

Substance that has stored energy

Question 36

What are isomers ?

Answer 36

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 37

What is another name for carbon to carbon double bonds ?

Answer 37

Unsaturated

Question 38

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 38

CnH2n

Question 39

What is different about the structure of cycloalkanes?

Answer 39

Ring of carbon atoms

Question 40

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes ?

Answer 40

CnH2n

Question 41

What is used to test for unsaturation ?

Answer 41

Bromine solution

Question 42

What would happen to bromine solution when an alkene is added?

Answer 42

Rapidly decolourises

Question 43

What happens when unsaturated hydrocarbons react?

Answer 43

Carbon to carbon double bonds break

Question 44

What is it called when unsaturated hydrocarbons react?

Answer 44

Addition reaction

Question 45

What are fossil fuels (which makes them a worry for the government) ?

Answer 45

Finite resource

Question 46

Name 3 fossil fuels ?

Answer 46

Coal Crude oil Natural gas

Question 47

Describe crude oil?

Answer 47

Thick black sticky liquid

Question 48

What is crude oil?

Answer 48

A mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons which need to be separated before they are useful

Question 49

What happens when crude oil is heated to very high temperatures?

Answer 49

Some hydrocarbons are turned into gases

Question 50

What happens as hydrocarbon gases rise up the column?

Answer 50

They cool down and turn back into liquids

Question 51

What are hydrocarbons collected as?

Answer 51

Fractions

Question 52

What do fractions have in common?

Answer 52

Similar boiling points

Question 53

What fraction is within the range 1-4?

Answer 53

Refinery gas

Question 54

What fraction is within the range 5-10?

Answer 54

Petrol

Question 55

What fraction is within the range 10-12?

Answer 55

Naphtha

Question 56

What fraction is within the range 12-15?

Answer 56

Kerosene

Question 57

What fraction is within the range 15-20?

Answer 57

Diesel oil

Question 58

What fraction is within the range 25+?

Answer 58

Residue

Question 59

What is cracking ?

Answer 59

Chemical reaction in which long chain hydrocarbons are broken into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons .

Question 60

What does cracking produce?

Answer 60

Mixture of saturated and unsaturated products