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nat 5 chemistry > Fuels And Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Fuels And Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

How is energy released ?

A

Through burning

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2
Q

What do things react with when they burn ?

A

Oxygen (oxidation)

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3
Q

What is another word for burning ?

A

Combustion

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4
Q

What is the test for oxygen ?

A

Relights a glowing splint

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5
Q

What does potassium permanganate provide for the combustion of oxygen ?

A

Plentiful supply of oxygen

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6
Q

What are all combustion reactions?

A

Exothermic

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7
Q

What is the word equation for the combustion of carbon?

A

Carbon + oxygen > carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What is the chemical equation for the combustion of carbon?

A

C+O2 >CO2

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9
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide ?

A

Turns lime water milky

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10
Q

What are the 3 things needed for burning to occur ?

A

Oxygen
Heat
Fuel

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11
Q

What would happen if you took one of the 3 things for burning to occur ?

A

Fire would go out

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12
Q

What is the word equation for the combustion of hydrogen ?

A

Hydrogen+oxygen>hydrogen oxide (water)

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13
Q

What is the chemical equation for the combustion of hydrogen ?

A

H2+O2>H2O

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14
Q

What is the balanced equation for the combustion of hydrogen ?

A

H2+1/2O2>H2O

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15
Q

What do coal, oil and natural gas mainly consist of ?

A

Compounds called hydrocarbons

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16
Q

What are hydrocarbons ?

A

Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon

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17
Q

What do all hydrocarbons burn to produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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18
Q

What is the chemical equation for the combustion of methane?

A

CH4+O2>CO2+H2O

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19
Q

What is the colour change for cobalt chloride paper?

A

Blue to pink

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20
Q

What is the test for water ?

A

Boiling pt100

Freezes at 0

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21
Q

What will happen when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen ?

A

Carbon will not burn completely

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22
Q

What does incomplete combustion of carbon produce?

A

Carbon (soot) harmful dust particles

Carbon monoxide a colourless poisonous gas

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23
Q

How can we reduce pollution ?(4)

A

Reduce reuse recycle
Catalytic converters in cars
Renewable energy sources
Carbon capture

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24
Q

What is given out in exothermic reactions?

A

Heat energy

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25
Q

What is the energy change in exothermic reactions ?

A

Chemical > heat

26
Q

How much chemical energy do the products have in exothermic reactions ?

A

Products have less chemical energy than the reactants

27
Q

What is taken in , in endothermic reactions ?

A

Heat energy

28
Q

What is the energy change in endothermic reactions?

A

Heat>chemical

29
Q

How much chemical energy do the products have in endothermic reactions ?

A

Products have more chemical energy than then reactants

30
Q

Give one example of an endothermic reaction?

A

Photosynthesis

31
Q

Give one example of an exothermic reaction?

A

Respiration

32
Q

What is the name given to carbon to carbon single bonds only ?

A

Saturated

33
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes ?

A

CnH2n+2

34
Q

What alkanes in the homologous series have in common ?

A

Same general formula

Similar chemical properties

35
Q

What is a fuel?

A

Substance that has stored energy

36
Q

What are isomers ?

A

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

37
Q

What is another name for carbon to carbon double bonds ?

A

Unsaturated

38
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

39
Q

What is different about the structure of cycloalkanes?

A

Ring of carbon atoms

40
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes ?

A

CnH2n

41
Q

What is used to test for unsaturation ?

A

Bromine solution

42
Q

What would happen to bromine solution when an alkene is added?

A

Rapidly decolourises

43
Q

What happens when unsaturated hydrocarbons react?

A

Carbon to carbon double bonds break

44
Q

What is it called when unsaturated hydrocarbons react?

A

Addition reaction

45
Q

What are fossil fuels (which makes them a worry for the government) ?

A

Finite resource

46
Q

Name 3 fossil fuels ?

A

Coal
Crude oil
Natural gas

47
Q

Describe crude oil?

A

Thick black sticky liquid

48
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons which need to be separated before they are useful

49
Q

What happens when crude oil is heated to very high temperatures?

A

Some hydrocarbons are turned into gases

50
Q

What happens as hydrocarbon gases rise up the column?

A

They cool down and turn back into liquids

51
Q

What are hydrocarbons collected as?

A

Fractions

52
Q

What do fractions have in common?

A

Similar boiling points

53
Q

What fraction is within the range 1-4?

A

Refinery gas

54
Q

What fraction is within the range 5-10?

A

Petrol

55
Q

What fraction is within the range 10-12?

A

Naphtha

56
Q

What fraction is within the range 12-15?

A

Kerosene

57
Q

What fraction is within the range 15-20?

A

Diesel oil

58
Q

What fraction is within the range 25+?

A

Residue

59
Q

What is cracking ?

A

Chemical reaction in which long chain hydrocarbons are broken into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons .

60
Q

What does cracking produce?

A

Mixture of saturated and unsaturated products

nat 5 chemistry (13 decks)

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