Metals Flashcards
What are the properties of metals ?
Shiny
Malleable
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Why is it important we recycle metals ?
They are finite in nature
What is metallic bonding ?
The force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons
What is an alloy?
Is a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
What do alloys have in comparison to pure elements ?
Different physical properties and are often more useful that pure metals
What is brass an alloy of ?
70% copper
30% zinc
What is 18 carat gold an alloy of?
75% gold
25% copper/other metals
What is the chemical formula for potassium permanganate ?
KMnO4
What does a metal + oxygen produce ?
Metal oxide
What metals do not readily react with oxygen ?
Mercury
Silver
Gold
What does a metal + water produce?
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Most metals don’t react with water but what do?
Only group 1 and group 2
Why do alkali metals have to be stored under oil?
They react violently with water
What do metal + acid produce?
Salt + hydrogen
What metals do not react with dilute acid?
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
What is oilrig ?
Oxidation is loss
Reduction is gain
What metals react with oxygen to form metal oxide ? (11)
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium
Aluminium Zinc Iron Tin Lead
Copper
What metals react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen? (5)
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium
What metals react with acid to form a metal salt and hydrogen ?(10)
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium
Aluminium Zinc Iron Tin Lead
How can less reactive metals (copper, Mercury, silver, gold) be found?
Uncombined in the earths crust
What is the equation for the extraction of unreactive metals by heat alone ?
Metal oxide > metal+oxygen
What type of reaction are the extractions of metals from ores ?
Reduction.
How can slightly more reactive metals be removed from their oxides ?
By heating with carbon or carbon monoxide
Give 2 examples of unreactive metals that can be extracted from their oxide by heating alone ?
Mercury and silver
Give 2 examples of slightly more reactive metals that can be extracted from their oxide by heating with carbon or carbon monoxide ?
Copper and zinc
By extracting slightly more reactive metals by heating carbon or carbon monoxide what do they produce ?
Metal atom and carbon dioxide
Where can iron from iron ore be produced ?
In a blast furnace
How can even more reactive metals be extracted from their compounds ?
By electrolysis
Give examples of even more reactive metals that can be extracted from their compounds by electrolysis ?
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium
During electrolysis what happens to the metal ions ?
They gain electrons at the negative electrode to become metal atoms
What are the 3 methods in which metals can be extracted from their ores if not found uncombined ?
Extraction by heating alone
Extraction by heating with carbon or carbon monoxide
Extraction by electrolysis
What is oilrig ?
Oxidation is loss
Reduction is gain
What reactions always occur together?
Oxidation and reduction
What is the name given to oxidation and reduction reactions that occur at the same time ?
Redox reactions
What can redox reactions be split into?
2 ion-electron equations
What reaction produces a metal atom?
Reduction
What reaction produces metal ion and electron?
Oxidation
What are displacement reactions ?
If we place a metal into a solution of ions which are lower in the ECS, the higher metal will displace the lower metal
Describe displacement reactions ?
The higher metal will lose electrons to become ions and go into the solution (oxidation) whereas the lower metal will gain electrons, become metal atoms and comes out of solution (reduction)
What must the ion electron equation be for a oxidation?
Reversed
What is not included in redox equations?
Electrons and spectator ions
What is a reducing agent?
A chemical which causes another substance to reduce I.e. Donates electrons (oxidation)
What metals in the ECS react with acids ?
Only metals above hydrogen
Give 2 examples of energy sources that power objects through redox reactions ?
Fuel cells and rechargeable batteries
