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nat 5 chemistry > Natural Products > Flashcards

Natural Products Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis ?

A

Carbon dioxide+water>glucose +oxygen

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2
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis ?

A

CO2+H2O>C6H12O6+O2

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3
Q

What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis ?

A

6CO2+6H2O>C6H12O6+6O2

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4
Q

What colour is chlorophyll?

A

Green pigment

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5
Q

What does chlorophyll do?

A

Trap light energy from the sun and allows the reaction to take place

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6
Q

What happens to glucose after photosynthesis ?

A

Stored as starch in the plant

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7
Q

How are carbohydrates made?

A

By plants during photosynthesis

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8
Q

What do carbohydrates provide us with ?

A

Energy in our diets

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9
Q

What do carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

What is the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen?

A

2:1

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11
Q

What 2 groups can carbohydrates be divided into?

A

Sugars - simple carbohydrates

Starch - complex

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12
Q

What is the name given to glucose and fructose and what’s there formula ?

A

C6H12O6 monosaccharides

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13
Q

What solution can be used to test for sugar?

A

Benedict’s solution (or Fehling’s solution)

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14
Q

What is the colour change when Benedict’s solutions is heated with sugars?

A

Blue to orange

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15
Q

What is the exception to using benedict’s solution ?

A

Sucrose

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16
Q

What is starch?

A

Large molecules made of many small glucose molecules joined together

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17
Q

What is the name of starch and its formula ?

A

C6H10O5 polysaccharide

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18
Q

What solution is used to test for starch ?

A

Iodine solution

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19
Q

What is the colour change to iodine solution?

A

Brown to blue/black

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20
Q

What is the importance of photosynthesis ?(3)

A

Produces carbohydrates for energy
Produces oxygen
Reduces CO2 in the atmosphere

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21
Q

What is respiration?

A

Reaction between carbohydrates and oxygen in our body that gives us energy

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22
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

Glucose+oxygen>carbon dioxide+water

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23
Q

What is the chemical equation for respiration ?

A

C6H12O6+O2>CO2+H2O

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24
Q

What is the balanced equation for respiration ?

A

C6H12O6+6O2>6CO2+6H2O

25
What is the equation for respiration the same as ?
Combustion of glucose
26
When do condensation reactions take place ?
Two or more small molecules react together to make a larger molecule and a molecule of water
27
What is polymerisation ?
When lots of small molecules (called monomers) react together to make a large molecule (called a polymer)
28
What is hydrolysis ?
Breaking larger molecules into smaller molecules by adding water
29
What is fermentation ?
Breakdown of glucose to form ethanol and carbon dioxide
30
What is the word equation for fermentation?
Sugar or starch> ethanol + carbon dioxide. Yeast
31
What is the balanced equation for fermentation?
C6H12O6 > 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
32
What do enzymes in the yeast cells act as ?
A catalyst for the reaction
33
What can ethanol for alcoholic drink be made from ?
Glucose derived from any fruit or vegetable
34
What is the maximum concentration of ethanol produced from fermentation?
Around 12-15%
35
Why is the concentration of ethanol limited in fermentation?
Yeast cells die
36
How are spirits like whiskey and vodka made?
By distilling the products of fermentation
37
What does distillation do ?
Separates the alcohol and water because they have different boiling points
38
What is the concentration of alcohol in whisky and vodka ?
Around 40%
39
What is the general formula for alkanols ?
CnH2n+1OH
40
Why can alcohols be used as fuels ?
They burn releasing energy
41
What is the flammability of alcohols and how do they burn ?
High flammability and burn with clean flames
42
What can alcohols be used as also ?
Solvents as they dissolve some substances that don't dissolve in water
43
What is the general formula of alkanoic acids ?
Cn-1H2n-1COOH
44
What is ethanoic acid also known as ?
Vinegar
45
What are the 2 uses of vinegar ?
Household cleaning products and food preservatives
46
What can vinegar be used to remove ?
Limescale
47
How can esters be made ?
Reacting an alkanol and an alkanoic acid
48
How are esters formed?
In a condensation reaction between an alkanol and alkanoic acid
49
What is the word equation for the production of esters ?
Alkanoic acid+alcohol🔄ester + water
50
What type of reaction is the production of esters ?
Reversible reaction
51
What is a condensation reaction?
Two small molecules join to make a larger molecule and water (or any other small molecule)
52
What name formula do ester follow?
Alkyl alkanoates
53
Where does 'alkyl' come from?
Alcohol
54
Where does 'alkanoate' come from?
Acid
55
What is the ester link?
-COO- Or -COOC-
56
How can esters be broken down?
By hydrolysis
57
What is the equation for the hydrolysis of an ester?
Ester+water🔄alkanoic acid+alcohol
58
What is hydrolysis ?
Breaking down a larger molecule into smaller molecules by adding water

nat 5 chemistry (13 decks)

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