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nat 5 chemistry > Acids, Alkalis And Rates Of Reaction > Flashcards

Acids, Alkalis And Rates Of Reaction Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pH of a solution in water tell us ?

A

Whether it is acidic alkaline or neutral

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2
Q

What is the pH scale a measure of ?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions

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3
Q

What is the pHof neutral substances ?

A

7

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4
Q

What is the pH of acids?

A

Less than 7

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5
Q

What is the pH of alkalis ?

A

Above 7

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6
Q

Name acids (not ones used in a lab) in order of closest to 7 to 0 (6)

A 
Milk (6)
Urine (5)
Tomato juice (5)
Vinegar (4)
Lemon juice (3)
Battery acid (0)
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7
Q

What type of substance is water in terms of bonding ?

A

Covalent substance

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8
Q

What is different about water?

A

Although water is a covalent substance, some water molecules break apart to make hydrogen and hydroxide ions

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9
Q

What is the name given when water breaks itself into hydrogen and hydroxide ions ?

A

Self ionisation

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10
Q

What kind of reaction is the self ionisation of water ?

A

Reversible

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11
Q

What is meant by equilibrium ( in terms of the self ionisation of water)

A

The concentration of the water molecules and ions are constant but not equal

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12
Q

What does any sample of water contain?

A

Millions of molecule of H2O

Only a few hydrogen and hydroxide ions

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13
Q

What is the Symbol for hydrogen ions?

A

H+

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14
Q

What is the symbol for hydroxide ions?

A

OH-

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15
Q

In PURE water what is the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions and what does this mean in terms of its pH ?

A

Equal

PH7

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16
Q

What can be used to indicate the ‘concentration of’?

A

[….]

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17
Q

What are acids?

A

Compounds that produce extra hydrogen ions, When they dissolve in water

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18
Q

What does aq mean?

A

aqueous =dissolved in water

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19
Q

In terms of concentration what do acids have?

A

A greater concentration of hydrogen ion that hydroxide ions.

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20
Q 
When water is added to acids , what happens to the :
pH
Concentration of hydrogen ions 
Concentration of hydroxide ions 
Conductivity
A

pH increases
Concentration of hydrogen ions decreases
Concentration of hydroxide ions increases
Conductivity decreases

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21
Q

What are acids usually made from?

A

Covalent substances that break into ions in water

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22
Q

Why do acids conduct electricity ?

A

They contain ions

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23
Q

What is the chemical equation for the break up of hydrochloric acid in water ?

A

HCl (g) —–> + -

H + Cl

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24
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

And ionic formula

A

HCl

H+Cl-

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25
What is the formula for sulphuric acid? | +ionic
H2SO4 (H+)2 SO4. 2+
26
What is the formula for nitric acid and ionic ?
HNO3 H+ NO3-
27
What is the formula for ethanoic acid and ionic ?
CH3 COOH CH3 COO-H+
28
How can acids be made?
By dissolving non metal oxides in water
29
What is the chemical equation for the production of nitric acid?
NO2 + H2O > HNO3
30
What is the exception non metal oxide that does not produce an acid and why?
Silicon dioxide because it is insoluble (covalent network)
31
What are alkalis ?
Compounds that produce extra hydroxide ions when they dissolve in water
32
What is the chemical equation for the break up of sodium hydroxide in water?
NaOH (s) > Na+ (aq) + OH-
33
What do alkalis have in terms of concentration?
Greater concentration of hydroxide ions that hydrogen ions
34
What dissolve in water to produce alkaline solutions ?
Metal oxides and hydroxides
35
What is the chemical equation for the production of sodium hydroxide? (Balanced)
Na2O + H2O > 2NaOH
36
What is the pH scale?
A continuous range from below 0 to above 14
37
What effect do metal oxides have on water if they do not dissolve ?
No effect
38
Give an example of a metal oxide which does not dissolve in water ?
Copper oxide
39
What is special about ammonia ? | Give chemical equation and give the name of what it produces ?
It is the only covalent gas that can dissolve in water to produce an alkaline solution . NH3 (g) + H2O > NH4OH (aq) Ammonium hydroxide solution
40
What is the formula and ionic formula of sodium hydroxide?
NaOH Na+OH-
41
What is the formula and ionic formula of potassium hydroxide ?
KOH K+OH-
42
What is the formula and ionic formula for calcium hydroxide? | What is it also known as?
Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ (OH-)2 Lime water
43
What is the formula and ionic formula of ammonium hydroxide ?
NH4OH NH4+ OH-
44
Name 2 gases which cause acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
45
What is neutralisation ?
The reaction of acids with bases
46
What are the 3 bases ?
Metal hydroxides Metal oxides Metal carbonates
47
What are based that dissolve in water also known as?
Alkalis
48
What does the neutralisation of an acid with metal hydroxide produce ?
Salt + water
49
Give the word equation for the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid using sodium hydroxide ?
Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid > sodium chloride +water
50
Give the chemical equation for the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid using sodium hydroxide
NaOH + HCl > NaCl + H2O
51
Give the ionic equation for the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid using sodium hydroxide
Na+OH- + H+Cl- > Na+Cl- + H2O
52
Once neutralised how can a soluble he obtained ?
By evaporation
53
What are spectator ions ?
Ions present during the reaction but remain unchanged by the reaction
54
What are the spectator ions in the neutralisation reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid ?
Sodium ions Na+ and chloride ions Cl-
55
By removing spectator ions from an ionic equation what remains ?
H+ + OH- > H2O
56
What is the salt formed from hydrochloric acid ?
Chloride
57
What is the salt formed from sulphuric acid ?
Sulphate
58
What is the salt formed from nitric acid ?
Nitrate
59
What is the salt formed from ethanoic acid ?
Ethanoate
60
What is produced during the neutralisation reaction between a metal oxide and an acid ?
Salt + water
61
What is the word equation for the neutralisation of sulphuric acid using copper(II)oxide ?
Copper(II)oxide + sulphuric acid > copper(II)sulphate + water
62
What is the chemical equation for the neutralisation of sulphuric acid using copper (II) oxide ?
CuO + H2SO4 > CuSO4 + H2O
63
What is the ionic equation for the neutralisation of sulphuric acid using copper (II) oxide ?
Cu2+O2- + (H+)2SO42- > Cu2+SO42- + H2O
64
Once neutralised how can excess insoluble reactant be removed ?
Filtration
65
What are the spectator ions for the neutralisation reaction between sulphuric acid and copper(II)oxide ?
Copper. Cu2+ | Sulphate SO42-
66
What is the produced for the neutralisation of a metal carbonate and acid ?
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
67
What is the word equation for the neutralisation of nitric acid using calcium carbonate ?
Calcium carbonate + nitric acid > calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide
68
What is the chemical equation for the neutralisation of nitric acid using calcium carbonate ?
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 > Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
69
What is the ionic equation for the neutralisation of nitric acid using calcium carbonate ?
Ca2+ CO32- + 2H+NO3- > Ca2+ (NO3-)2 + H2O + CO2
70
What are the spectator ions for the neutralisation reaction between nitric acid and calcium carbonate ?
Calcium Ca2+ | Nitrate NO3-
71
What does titration find the volume of ?
Volume of solutions involved in a reaction
72
For a chemical reaction to take place what must the particles of reacting substances do?
Collide with each other
73
What factors can increase the chance of successful collision ?
Increasing surface area/ decreasing particle size Increasing concentration Increasing temperature Adding a catalyst

nat 5 chemistry (13 decks)

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