Bonding

Question 1

What are the three main types of bonding ?

Answer 1

Covalent bonds
Metallic bonds
Ionic bonds

Question 2

What is covalent bonds between?

Answer 2

Non-metals

Question 3

What are metallic bonds between?

Answer 3

Metals

Question 4

What are ionic bonds between ?

Answer 4

Compound containing metals and non-metals

Question 5

What is the only group to exist as single atoms and do not bond ?

Answer 5

Noble gases

Question 6

What do atom achieve when they bond ?

Answer 6

Full outer electron shell

Question 7

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 7

The attraction between the two positive nuclei and a shared pair of electrons (negative)

Question 8

What is a molecule?

Answer 8

A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 9

What are chemical bonds ?

Answer 9

Invisible forces of attraction between positive and negative charges that hold atoms together

Question 10

What are the 2 types of covalent substances ?

Answer 10

Covalent molecular

Covalent network

Question 11

What are covalent molecular structures like ?

Answer 11

Discrete and held together by weak intermolecular forces (called Van Der Waals force)

Question 12

Why do covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points ?

Answer 12

Only weak Van Der Waals need to be broken

Question 13

What do covalent network structures consist of ?

Answer 13

A giant lattice of atoms all covalently bonded to each other

Question 14

Why do covalent network substances have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 14

Strong covalent bonds must be broken

Question 15

Give 3 examples of covalent network?

Answer 15

Carbon diamond
Carbon graphite
Silicon dioxide

Question 16

What is the difference between the melting point of a covalent network and a covalent molecular?

Answer 16

Covalent molecular : low mp/bp

Covalent network : high mp/bp

Question 17

What is the difference in the type of bond broken to melt between a covalent network and a covalent molecular ?

Answer 17

Covalent molecular : intermolecular forces (weak Van Der Waals)
Covalent network : strong covalent bond

Question 18

What condition can covalent molecules be at room temperature?

Answer 18

Solid
Liquid
Or gas

Question 19

What condition are covalent networks at room temperature ?

Answer 19

Always solid

Question 20

What are ionic bonds formed between?

Answer 20

Metals and nonmetals

Question 21

How do ionic compounds form?

Answer 21

By transferring electron(s) from the metal to the nonmetal

Question 22

When ionic compounds react, what happens to the metal atoms?

Answer 22

Loses electrons to become positively charged ions.

Question 23

When ionic compounds react, what happens to the nonmetal atoms?

Answer 23

Gain electrons to become negatively charged ions.

Question 24

What are the resulting ions considered as after an ionic compound has been formed?

Answer 24

The resulting ions are oppositely charged and attract each other

Question 25

What is the definition for ionic bonding ?

Answer 25

The force of attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 26

Describe ionic bonds?

Answer 26

Very strong

Question 27

When an ionic bond forms what do both ions gain?

Answer 27

A full outer electron shell

Question 28

What structure do ionic compounds form?

Answer 28

A giant lattice of oppositely charged ions

Question 29

Why do ionic substances have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 29

Strong ionic bonds must be broken to separate them

Question 30

What condition are ionic substances in at room temperature?

Answer 30

Solid

Question 31

What is the only compound which would appear to be ionic but isn't ? State what it is, it's condition at room temperature, what is its actual bonding, how we know this?

Answer 31

Titanium (IV) chloride Liquid at room temp Covalent molecular substance Low melting/boiling point

Question 32

Describe the electrons on the outer shell of metal atoms ?

Answer 32

They are very loosely held and easily become delocalised.

Question 33

What are delocalised electrons attached to?

Answer 33

Their own nucleus and neighbouring nuclei.

Question 34

What is the definition for metallic bonding?

Answer 34

The force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons.

Question 35

What does delocalised mean?

Answer 35

Able to move freely

Question 36

What is an electrical current?

Answer 36

A flow of charged particles (either electrons or ions)

Question 37

When will a substance conduct electricity ?

Answer 37

When charged particles are free to move through the material

Question 38

Describe the conductivity of covalent substances ?

Answer 38

Covalent substances (solid,liquid,solutions) do not conduct electricity since they are made up of molecules which are uncharged and there are no free charged particles

Question 39

What is the only covalent substance which conducts electricity and why?

Answer 39

Carbon (graphite) conducts electricity because it contains free electrons.

Question 40

Describe the conductivity of ionic substances and why?

Answer 40

Solid ionic substances do not conduct electricity because the ions are held tightly in an ionic lattice and are not free to move. Ionic liquids(molten/in solution) will conduct electricity because ions are free to move

Question 41

What will melting or dissolving an ionic substance do?

Answer 41

Break down the lattice and allow ions to move freely.

Question 42

What is an electrolyte ?

Answer 42

An ionic liquid which conducts electricity.

Question 43

Describe the conductivity of metal elements and why ?

Answer 43

Metal elements (solid/liquid) are conductors of electricity because they contain delocalised electrons which are free to move.

Question 44

In terms of solubility in water, what do ionic compounds tend to be?

Answer 44

Soluble in water

Question 45

In terms of solubility in water, what do covalent substances tend to be ?

Answer 45

Insoluble in water

Question 46

What does electrolysis use electricity to do?

Answer 46

Break down ionic compounds

Question 47

What does 'lysis' mean ?

Answer 47

To break/breaking

Question 48

What ions move towards in terms of electrolysis?

Answer 48

The oppositely charged electrode

Question 49

Why is a DC power supply used?

Answer 49

So that electrodes stay the same charge throughout and the products could be identified at each electrode.

Question 50

What happens at the negative electrode during electrolysis ?

Answer 50

Positive ions (metals) gain electrons to become atoms.

Question 51

How can we show metal atoms gaining electrons or nonmetals losing electrons?

Answer 51

Write as an ion-electron equation

Question 52

Write the ion-electron equation for copper?

Answer 52

2+ - | Cu + 2e } Cu

Question 53

Give the ion-electron equation for chlorine?

Answer 53

- - 2Cl } Cl + 2e 2

Question 54

What must ion-electron equations be for nonmetals ?

Answer 54

Reversed