Politics IELTS Flashcards
The system or group of people governing an organized community.
Government
Example: “The government implemented new policies to address economic challenges.”
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or individual.
Policy
Example: “The environmental policy aimed at reducing carbon emissions.”
Laws, considered collectively.
Legislation
Example: “The new legislation focused on improving healthcare access for all citizens.”
The status of being a member of a particular country and having the rights and privileges that come with it.
Citizenship
Example: “Obtaining citizenship requires fulfilling specific legal requirements.”
The formal process of choosing a person for a public office by voting.
Election
Example: “The election results were announced after a thorough counting process.”
Relating to or supporting democracy.
Democratic
Example: “The country transitioned to a more democratic form of governance.”
Characterized by a concentration of power in a single authority.
Authoritarian
Example: “The authoritarian regime tightly controlled media and dissenting voices.”
Favoring or advocating progress, change, improvement, or reform.
Progressive
Example: “The progressive policy aimed to address social inequality.”
Open and accountable; easily seen through.
Transparent
Example: “A transparent government ensures public trust through open communication.”
Relating to the economy or the system of production and distribution of goods and services.
Economic
Example: “The economic policy focused on stimulating job growth.”
To put a decision, plan, or agreement into effect.
Implement
Example: “The government decided to implement new education reforms.”
To make a bill into law.
Enact
Example: “The parliament voted to enact the proposed immigration legislation.”
To make changes to a document or law.
Amend
Example: “The constitution was amended to include new human rights provisions.”
To seek to influence (a politician or public official) on an issue.
Lobby
Example: “Interest groups often lobby for policies that align with their goals.”
A series of coordinated activities, such as public speaking and demonstrating, designed to achieve a social, political, or commercial goal.
Campaign
Example: “The candidate began their campaign to raise awareness about environmental issues.”
With constant and earnest effort.
Diligently
Example: “The committee worked diligently to draft a comprehensive immigration policy.”
In a way that relates to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests.
Strategically
Example: “The government strategically invested in technology to boost economic growth.”
In a way that produces the desired or intended result.
Effectively
Example: “The policy was implemented effectively, leading to a decrease in crime rates.”
Taking action to initiate change rather than reacting to events.
Proactively
Example: “The government addressed the issue proactively, anticipating potential challenges.”
In a way that involves careful judgment and analysis.
Critically
Example: “Citizens should critically evaluate the policies proposed by their leaders.”
To complete or accomplish.
Carry out
Example: “The government promised to carry out the reforms within the next year.”
To support or endorse.
Back up
Example: “The opposition party backed up the proposal for educational reform.”
To cause to happen.
Bring about
Example: “The new law aimed to bring about positive changes in environmental practices.”
To introduce or withdraw gradually.
Phase in/out
Example: “The government decided to phase out subsidies for non-renewable energy sources.”
To choose or prefer.
Opt for
Example: “The citizens opted for a candidate with a strong stance on healthcare reform.”
To organize oneself; to start behaving more responsibly.
Get one’s act together
Example: “The government needs to get its act together and address pressing issues.”
To simplify bureaucratic procedures.
Cut through the red tape
Example: “Efforts to cut through the red tape aim to make government processes more efficient.”
To increase or intensify.
Ramp up
Example: “The government decided to ramp up efforts to combat climate change.”
Hold someone accountable
Hold someone accountable
Example: “Citizens expect the government to hold officials accountable for corruption.”
To start a new activity quickly and energetically.
Hit the ground running
Example: “The newly elected officials vowed to hit the ground running on policy reforms.”
It is now your responsibility or decision.
Ball is in your court
Example: “The proposed legislation has been passed; now the ball is in the government’s court to implement it.”
Problems or difficulties are often hidden in the details of a plan or idea.
The devil is in the details
Example: “While the policy sounded promising, the devil is in the details, and some key issues were overlooked.”
In secret; privately.
Behind closed doors
Example: “Negotiations between the two parties took place behind closed doors to reach a consensus.”
In the process of being planned or developed
In the pipeline
Example: “Several new policies are in the pipeline to address economic challenges.”
To face a difficult situation with courage.
Bite the bullet
Example: “The government had to bite the bullet and make tough decisions to stabilize the economy.”
To be the parts that form something; to compose.
Constitute
Example: “The committee was constituted by representatives from various sectors.”
In agreement or compliance with.
In accordance with
Example: “The policy was implemented in accordance with international standards.”
To make less severe, serious, or painful.
Mitigate
Example: “Efforts were made to mitigate the impact of the economic downturn on vulnerable populations.”
To make a process easier or possible.
Facilitate
Example: “The new infrastructure projects were designed to facilitate economic development.”
In a methodical and organized manner.
Systematically
Example: “The government systematically reviewed existing policies to identify areas for improvement.”
To understand or comprehend something challenging.
Wrap one’s head around
informal
Example: “It took me a while to wrap my head around the complex tax reform proposal.”
To take a risk or make oneself vulnerable.
Stick one’s neck out
Example: “The politician decided to stick his neck out and advocate for controversial but necessary reforms.”
To manage or get by despite difficulties.
Muddle through
Example: “The government had to muddle through the economic crisis with limited resources.”
To break or circumvent established rules.
Bend the rules
Example: “Some businesses try to bend the rules to gain a competitive advantage.”
