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Amazon > Policies for Flourishing Amazon > Flashcards

Policies for Flourishing Amazon Flashcards

1
Q

Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon

A

Reduce deforestation rates/transition region to sustainable development model

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2
Q

Aspects of the PPCDA:

A

Three axes: land tenure and territorial planning, environmental monitoring and control, and fostering sustainable production, led by 13 ministries.

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3
Q

Actions in APPCA plan:

A

Strengthening inspection and accountability of offenders
Allocating public forests and creating protected areas
Traceability mechanism for agricultural commodities

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4
Q

Legal Amazon

A

Political/geographical region in Brazil created in 1953 by federal law, promote special protection and development policies

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5
Q

Land coverage pre-2004:

A

24% private land, 29% ‘PA/indigenous territories’, another 46% was federal land.

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6
Q

Exemplify PCCDa effectiveness:

A

19% original forest area, 25% estimated to be abandoned or underused

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7
Q

How Bolsonaro policies changed from historial ones?

A

Previously conflated environmental issues with neodevelopmentalism, promoting green capitalism.

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8
Q

Policies following 20166 coup d’etat:

A

Brazillian Democratic Movement implemented austerity measures: spending caps/budget cuts, with region-specific targeted development for PA and IR.

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9
Q

Bolsonaro following Temer’s MDB measures:

A

Restricting space for participatory decision making also targeting environmental defenders.

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10
Q

Neoextractivism

A

Development model of large-scale resource extraction and export

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11
Q

Bolsonaros agenda:

A

Extractivism favouring global markets/capitalist economy/extractivist sector.

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12
Q

Bolsonaro first year anti-environmental push:

A

Extinguishing Ministry of Foregin Affairs climate change division, threaten to pull out of Paris, not hosting 2019 COP25, degrading deforestation monitoring.

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13
Q

Bolsonaro anti-environmentalism contradiction.

A

Environmental issues bad for international trade

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14
Q

Populism

A

Political approach appealing to ordinary people who feel concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

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15
Q

Causes of rise of the Far Right

A

Recognise commonality: government restriction of political particpiation, socially selective policies harmful to marginalised groups

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16
Q

Authoritarian Populism in rise of far right:

A

Creating difference and belonging, populist rhetoric in response to grievances resulting from failing of neoliberalism, mobilising through grievances replacing them with authoritarianism.

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17
Q

Blindspot in far-right literature:

A

Its rise and environmental harm in the global south

18
Q

Examples of global south far right rise:

A

India, Phillipines, Bolivia, and Brazil

19
Q

Far-right and environmentalism:

A

Find legitimacy in environmental deregulation and CC denial, promoting ecological devestation, denying its consequences

20
Q

Start of Capital Frontier in Brazil:

A

Economic strategies/policies by national development assumptions in 1930’s then 60’s military dictatorship.

21
Q

60’s dictator initiation:

A

Subsidised credit for national and foreign investors, to create development projects

22
Q

60’s developmental ambitions consequences:

A

Distributing land to large companies, opening of Transamazonia, Hydroelectric dams: high economic growth with not change to unequal social structure.

23
Q

Latin America in its 90’s economic recession:

A

Neoliberal proponents of economic reform to resume development with World Bank economic, political, and intellectual reform in early 2000’s maintaining economic centrality of privatisation and liberalisation with emphasis on social/nature relationship

24
Q

Workers Party 03-16 progress:

A

Post-neoliberal economiy/politics, still impositions of gobalisation/multilateral organisation imposing structural adjustment policies

25
Q

Structural Adjustment Programs

A

Loans provided by international financial institutions to developing nations in economic crisis, requiring policies to implement in exchange for loans

26
Q

Lula’s second term:

A

Attempt to incorporate social inclusion with development, in accordance to WorldBank reformulated political programs

27
Q

What paradigmed based PT’s adminstitration?

A

Ecological Modernisation, at the heart of which is the belief in managerial/technical solutions permeating hegemonic vision of sustainable development

28
Q

PT Ecological Modernisation

A

Insistence unsustainable development projects were in fact sustainable.

29
Q

PT-era economic growth projects:

A

Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam, the Growth Acceleration Project, reinforcing productivist paradigms.

30
Q

Protest of PT-development:

A

Bishop Luiz Flavio Cappio 24-day hunger strike to protest Sao Francisco River transportation, across-country repercussions.

31
Q

Sao Francisco river importance:

A

Supply thousands of indigenous people, proposition of two canals diverst water to drought-prone NE of Brazil

32
Q

Theory on far right rise to power following PT:

A

Positioning as representative interests from below, whilst advancing political project promoting interests from above.

33
Q

How 2016 coup d’etat changed PT progress?

A

Reaffirmed neoliberal precepts based on austerity, ending neodevelopmentism

34
Q

Process of Austerity measure implementation:

A

Michel Temer (16-18) inscribed austerity into Federal Constitution.

35
Q

Michel Temer Austerity measures:

A

20 year ceiling on public expenditures instead of increased taxation, accelerating privatization and denationalisation of economy, accentuating stagnation, reducing national govenrment capacity to respons to emerging and continued crisis.

36
Q

Temer attempt to secure presidency:

A

Weakened defofrestation monitoring, allowing extractvism in exchanged for support of 230 congressional votes, granting amnesty to deforesters.

37
Q

Bolsonaros attempt to ensure support:

A

Campaign promises, to abolish the Ministry of Environment, promoting extractivism…

38
Q

How Bolsnaro changed MMA:

A

Eliminated secretariat for CC and Forestry, attributing forestry to agriculture, heading Ricardo Salles to MMA, an agribusiness apologist

39
Q

What did Bolsonaro’s governance devolve to?

A

Guided by interests of a circle surrounding state and financial power, not by progress/growth, rupturing environmentalism

40
Q

Framework of Bolsonaro environmental governance centralising:

A

Authoritarian (restricting participatory decision-making access and populist means

41
Q
A

Amazon (10 decks)

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