British Colonialism

Question 1

Divide and Rule Policy

Answer 1

Gaining/maintaining political power through divisive measures.

Question 2

British colonial initiation:

Answer 2

Control Royal Niger Company territories, creating Protectorate of Northern/Southern Nigeria, indirect rule governing through local leaders

Question 3

How did british maintain indirect rule?

Answer 3

Influence of economy based on crop export: palm oil, cacao, and peanuts.

Question 4

Nigeria following WW2:

Answer 4

Cameroon (former German colony) divided based on league of nations mandate between British/French, British adding to Nigeria, expanding cultural borders.

Question 5

British Struggle to Control Nigeria:

Answer 5

Pan-Africanism and black liberation from racism/Eurocentrism

Question 6

How ‘post’colonial governing systems impacted Nigeria:

Answer 6

Further divisions as many groups feared independence would allow major ethnic groups of control

Question 7

The Postcolonial history of Nigeria:

Answer 7

Colonial powers nationalising different groups/cultures creating struggle for power among htme.

Question 8

Roots of Fossil Fuel Dependency:

Answer 8

Atlantic slave trade built the economy for industrialisation, British Empire exploiting India for resource and labor, with racist agendas justifying this

Question 9

Examples of racist capitalism underpinning IR:

Answer 9

Railways/steamships using forced/underpaid labor in Africa/India, with environmental degradation disproportiantely impacting colored people.

Question 10

Examples of modern fossil fuel racist capitalism:

Answer 10

Dakota Access Pipeline, global fossil fuel trade perpetuating inequity.

Question 11

Dependency Theory

Answer 11

Idea resources flow from poor and exploited states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.

Question 12

Modernization Theory

Answer 12

Idea that societies progress along a similar path of development, that underdeveloped areas are in a position where developed nations once were.

Question 13

MT relation to DT:

Answer 13

DT emerged from MT

Question 14

Periphery Capitalism

Answer 14

Experience of countries trying to develop by imitating growth models of industrialized countries.

Question 15

What characterises 16th-19th century?

Answer 15

Global colonization by European Powers (Britain, Spain, France…)

Question 16

Process of trade in 16/19th colonial period:

Answer 16

Acquiring colonies, using tarrifs/war to prevent other countries trading with them.

Question 17

View of colonies by European powers:

Answer 17

Supply tropical products to imperail powers, be a place for settlement and bourgeoisie investment and spreading christianity

Question 18

Late 19th centry ‘Scramble For Africa’

Answer 18

Berlin Confernce 1884/85 10,000 African tribal kingdom transformed into forty states, 36 under European control, redrawing the maps continents

Question 19

Institutional Theory

Answer 19

Examines how social structures, norms, and practices are shaped by broarder social and cultural environment.

Question 20

Institutional Theory relationship to FDI:

Answer 20

Linking history and present supplied by institutional legacies, colonial relationship to FDI of colonisers to the colonised.

Question 21

Importance of ‘institutions’:

Answer 21

Human-devised constraints structuring political, econcomic, and social interaction. They embody rules/regulations shaping society, establishing and countries constraints.

Question 22

Top-down impact of Institutions:

Answer 22

Shape human judgment and behaviour, constraining/determining acceptable/supportable actions

Question 23

How colonialism implicates present FDI?

Answer 23

Similar formal institutions tie colony/coloniser.

Question 24

Colonial institution persistence:

Answer 24

Inherit its structures, quotidian routines/practices, hiddent normative theories of governance.

Question 25

Examples of heterogenous impact of colonisation:

Answer 25

Different colonial philosophies: british more decentralised, french more centralised

Question 26

Example of different colonial instituions:

Answer 26

British imposing common-law systems, French civil-law systems: common-law better legal protection to shareholders, with stronger property rights.

Question 27

Britain’s colonial legacy:

Answer 27

Language dominating administrative and mercantile structures, strong links with Commonwealth and other diplomatic ties.

Question 28

Unequal Exchange Theory

Answer 28

Markets are not egalitarian, and rely on favoring the strong and disadvantaging the weak.

Question 29

Western European Rise dependence on:

Answer 29

Natural resource and labour appropriation during colonial period

Question 30

Example of European natural resource exploitaiton:

Answer 30

Spain/silver gold from Andes, Portugal sugar from Brazil, France fossil fuels/minerals from West Africa,…

Question 31

Current Meritocracy:

Answer 31

Strong institutions, good markets and work ethic become successful and rich, whilst those lacking do not.

Question 32

Post-colonial narrative critique:

Answer 32

Dependency theory and world-systems theory, that colonial economy structured.

Question 33

How is post-colnialism perpetuated?

Answer 33

Rich countries and monoplaistic corporations leverage geopolitical and commercial dominance to depress prices of resource/labor in Global South.

Question 34

How Net Appropriation works:

Answer 34

Every unit of labor/resources South Imports, it exports many times more to pay for it ‘unequal exchange’

Question 35

Freire contrib