Citizenship

Question 1

Citizenship

Answer 1

Someones status as rights-bearing member of political communities, and their relationships with state institutions

Question 2

Historical Brazillian Citizenship:

Answer 2

Amazonian capital expropriation based, as opposed to directly exploitative, to improve productivity

Question 3

What is Ecological Citizenship about?

Answer 3

Promoting instruments to ensure participation, information access, and social control over natural resources, in relation to environmental rights and obligations.

Question 4

Socioambientalismo

Answer 4

Societal attempts to jointly meet social and environment goals under Brazil’s 1988 democratic constitution

Question 5

Why did Socioambientalismo emerge?

Answer 5

Forest dweller incorporation of environmental discourse into their social justice agendas

Question 6

Progress of Indigenous rights:

Answer 6

Asserted cultures/identities to gain territorial rights becoming citizens, Lula first two terms emphasising social inclusion/territorial expansion

Question 7

Consequence of territory-based environmental governance:

Answer 7

Ecological citizenship emerging within Indigenous lands, sustainable use reserves, agrarian reform settlements…

Question 8

Florestania

Answer 8

This brings together citizenship and forest rights created by rubber tapper social movement in the 1980’s

Question 9

What does Florestania focus on?

Answer 9

Socially-inclusive, market-oriented strategies for forest resource extraction, participation, and citizenship

Question 10

How EC varies:

Answer 10

Global North, focused on greening democracy through environmental duties and responsibilities, focusing individual agency and ignoring someones ability to act being socio-economically constrained.

Question 11

Forest Citizenship

Answer 11

Claiming of rights by people achieving legal territorial recognition and attempt to conserve their forest.

Question 12

When is forest citizenship possible?

Answer 12

Territorial recognition to achieve forest citizenship, FC tangible only if people striving to become forest citizens can successfully claim rights from state and non-state institutions.

Question 13

When is Forest Citizenship meaningful?

Answer 13

If it is substantive, beyond political rights and social recognition to include improved access to public services

Question 14

How do forest citizens claim rights?

Answer 14

Grassroot movement and particpatory governance within existing state institutions

Question 15

‘The Right to Have Rights’

Answer 15

Arendt - expresses the need to gurantee each individual a place in the world making opinions significant and actions effective.

Question 16

What does Latin American ecological citizenship thought discuss?

Answer 16

Emphasises current marginalization and injustice, fusing social justice activism and discourse with environmentalism, producing socioambientalismo and florestania.

Question 17

Arendt Critique of the Nation-state:

Answer 17

Individuals derive their rights through membership in specific political communities, those with no citizenship thus excluded.

Question 18

Criticism of Right to have Rights:

Answer 18

Potrays stateless individuals as victims, neglecting agency and capacity to act independently

Question 19

‘right to have rights’ as a form of Westernization

Answer 19

Applys western citizenship, individual rights, and political participation and governance.

Question 20

Rights to have rights concerns with indigenous people:

Answer 20

Indigenous people identity derive from statis as sovreign nations even if not recognise by Western states: their own governance.

Question 21

Arendt characterisation of modernity:

Answer 21

Restriction/elimination of public sphere of aciton and speech for privatised introspection and pursuit of eocnomic interests.

Question 22

Consequence of Mondernity:

Answer 22

Bereaucratic administration and anonymous labor rather than politics and action: elite domination/public opinion manipulation, with totalitarianism.

Question 23

Totalitarianism

Answer 23

Centralized dictatorial government requiring complete subservience to the state.

Question 24

Modernity and society:

Answer 24

Homogeneity and conformity replacing freedom and plurality

Question 25

Arendt conceptualizing modernity:

Answer 25

World and earth alienation, rise of the social, victory of animal laborans

Question 26

What is the ‘Rise of the Social’:

Answer 26

Expanding market economy with increasing capital accumulation and social wealth, everything now an objection of production/consumption