Ecological Democracy

Question 1

Theme of ecological democracy research:

Answer 1

Safeguarding democratic values and ensuring environmental sustainability.

Question 2

Conflict of environmental sustainability and democracy:

Answer 2

Inidividual low priority to ecological values impeded demoractic efforts to strengthen environmental protection/sustainability.

Question 3

Reinforcing democracy/sustainability tensions:

Answer 3

Rise of populism/nationalism, declining public trust in democratic institutions

Question 4

Democratising global environmental politics:

Answer 4

Exploded with anthropocene debate, but Holocene democracy lack capacity to effectively respond

Question 5

Personal Criticism of Antrhopocene/Democracy Nexus:

Answer 5

Assumes democracy is being effectively implemented

Question 6

Agonism

Answer 6

A socio-politcal theory stating conflict as a permanent part of the political sphere, attempting to show how it can be channeled positively

Question 7

Newly emerging concepts of democracy:

Answer 7

Fossil Democracy: FF ‘entwined’ with modern democracy

Question 8

Why liberal democracy contradicts environmental protection:

Answer 8

LD free choice reinforces indivdiualism, greed, profit-seeking, and overconsumption.

Question 9

Critcism of democracy as a solution:

Answer 9

Too slow/comprising, capturing interest groups: eco-authoritarians argue hierarchical, technocratic, and centralised responses.

Question 10

Promethean Environmentalism

Answer 10

Prioritises human needs/interest over environment, viewing Earth as resource, solving environmental issues through innovaiton, that economic growth is essential.

Question 11

Ecological Democracy:

Answer 11

More critical of liberal democracy: capitalist markets, private property rights, multilateral system, ensuring non-human interests and future generations

Question 12

Environmental Democracy

Answer 12

Reforming existing institutions of liberal democracy, resonating with green liberalism/liberal environmentalism

Question 13

Limiting Range of Democratic Decisions:

Answer 13

Establishing environmental rights.

Question 14

Synergising Ecological/Environmental Democracy:

Answer 14

Critique of institutions as well as engaging with them in partnerships.

Question 15

Democracy does better environmentalism than autocracies:

Answer 15

Greater pluralism, civil society activism, strong institutions and electoral accountability, more permeable to demand for provision of public goods

Question 16

25 years of Multilateral Summitry on climate and SD:

Answer 16

Model of multilateralism of civil society particpation, multi-stakeholder dialoguse, institutionalised representation of non-state actors: Rio 1992 Summit

Question 17

Civil Society Effects on Global Environmental Governance:

Answer 17

Higher NGOs show stronger states commitmets to be, however not at COP.

Question 18

The Aarhus Convention

Answer 18

This empowers role of citizens and civil society in environmental matters on principles of participant democracy.

Question 19

Example of importance of community mobilisations?

Answer 19

Rural Thailand renewable energy networks

Question 20

Consequences of anti-environment populism:

Answer 20

Jair Bolsonaro and Trump rhetoric, attacking environmentalism, multilateralism, and democracy.

Question 21

How can we respond to populism?

Answer 21

Reducing inequality, enhancing citizen deliberation, re-connecting politics with citizens everyday lives.

Question 22

What are the Yellow Vest Protests?

Answer 22

A serious of protests in France against unfair taxation on the working class: rising crude oil prices, fuel taxes, austerity measures…

Question 23

Why did Rubber Tapper social revolutions emerge form?

Answer 23

Changes of national citizenship regimes from authoritarian/corporist frameworks to neoliberal regimes/globalised world.

Question 24

What did neoliberalism allow?

Answer 24

Political freedoms with established external networks supporting organising capacity.

Question 25

Development following rubber tapper revolution:

Answer 25

‘Forest governments’ (1990’s elected municipal/state officials), respect culture/tradition, concept of Florestania

Question 26

Florestania

Answer 26

Acre’s goal of drawing its unique cultural identity, ‘improving’ forest extraction as basis of states economy

Question 27

Florestina aspirations:

Answer 27

Social/justice citizenship rights, transparency, politcal process participancy, pride in history/culture, resource conservation, ‘sustainable’ development.

Question 28

Agenda of Florestina:

Answer 28

Address material needs, fight inequality, access to public necessities.