PNS & Sensory Systems

Question 1

Sensory divison

Answer 1

Receptors detect stimuli and transmit

Question 2

Motor Division

Answer 2

Brain sends signal to activate structures

Question 3

Name 2 subdivisions of the motor division

Answer 3

Somatic and Autonomic

Question 4

Sympathetic division

Answer 4

Fight or flight repsonse

Question 5

Parasympathetic division

Answer 5

Rest and digest response

Question 6

Endoneurium

Answer 6

Surrounds each individual axon

Question 7

Perineurium

Answer 7

Surrounds group of axons (fascicles)

Question 8

Epineurium

Answer 8

Surrounds nerve

Question 9

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

Answer 9

12

Question 10

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 10

31

Question 11

Where do the spinal nerves leave the spinal cord through

Answer 11

Intervertebral foramen

Question 12

Where do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord

Answer 12

Dorsal nerve root

Question 13

Where do motor axons leave the spinal cord

Answer 13

Ventral nerve root

Question 14

Name the 4 major plexuses

Answer 14

Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

Question 15

Cervical Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

Answer 15

In the neck; branches into Phrenic nerve and nerves in posterior head and trunk

Question 16

Brachial Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

Answer 16

In the neck; branches into nerves that service the arms (radial, axillary, and ulnar)

Question 17

Lumbar Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

Answer 17

In the lumbar region; branches into nerves that service the pelvis and legs (femoral and saphenous)

Question 18

Sacral Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

Answer 18

Lumbar and sacral spinal nerves; branches into nerves that service the leg (sciatic nerve, which branches into tibial and fibular)

Question 19

Intercostal Nerves

Answer 19

Axons from thoracic spinal nerves that extend to area around ribs

Question 20

What is the primary control of homeostasis

Answer 20

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 21

What does the ANS have control over (is it voluntary or involuntary)

Answer 21

INVOLUNTARY control over cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 22

What kinds of threats can be made to the sympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 22

Physical or emotional

Question 23

What does the body need to fight or run from threats made to the sympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 23

ATP, oxygen & glucose, and blood

Question 24

Name 5 physiological responses in the sympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 24

Breathing rate increases, HR increases, blood vessels going to skeletal muscle dilate, sweating increases, and pupils dilate

Question 25

What 2 things happen in the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 25

Breathing and HR lower and more blood goes to digestive organs

Question 26

Sensation

Answer 26

Stimulus stimulates a sensory receptor

Question 27

Perception

Answer 27

Brain processes information

Question 28

Name the 3 types of sensory receptors

Answer 28

Free nerve ending, encapsulated ending, and specialized receptor cells

Question 29

Free nerve ending

Answer 29

Dendrites embedded in tissue (ex: pain and thermoreceptors)

Question 30

Encapsulated ending

Answer 30

Dendrites encapsulated in connective tissue

Question 31

Specialized receptor cells

Answer 31

Modified neurons to detect a specific type of stimulus

Question 32

Name the 6 types of specialized receptor cells and what they do

Answer 32

Chemoreceptors (respind to chemical stimuli), osmoreceptors (changes in body fluid solute concentrations), nociceptors (chemicals released from tissue damage), mechanoreceptor (respond to touch pressure and vibration), thermoreceptor (temperature changes), and photoreceptors (detect light energy)

Question 33

General sense

Answer 33

Receptors distributed throughout the body

Question 34

Somatosensation

Answer 34

Touch, pressure, vibration, itch, muscle stretch, tickle, and pain

Question 35

Proprioception and kinesthesia

Answer 35

Body movement

Question 36

Visceral sense

Answer 36

Sensation associated with organs

Question 37

Special sense

Answer 37

Specific organ devoted to sensation (ex: eyes, ears, mouth and nose)

Question 38

Palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 38

Thin membrane that lines inner surface of eyelid and extends over white areas of the eye (sclera)

Question 39

Lacrimal gland

Answer 39

Produces tears

Question 40

Lacrimal duct

Answer 40

Tears drain

Question 41

Extraocular (extrinsic) muscles

Answer 41

Skeletal muscles that move the eye around

Question 42

Firbous tunic

Answer 42

Consists of the sclera and cornea

Question 43

Vascular tunic

Answer 43

Consists of the blood vessels and the choroid

Question 44

Neural/sensory tunic

Answer 44

Contains photoreceptors and retina

Question 45

Ciliary body; definition and functions

Answer 45

Attached to the lens; contracts and pulls the lens to change the shape for near and far vision and bends light to focus on retina

Question 46

Iris

Answer 46

Constricts and relaxes to change the shape of the pupil

Question 47

Anterior compartment (between cornea and lens) is filled with _________ humor. Posterior compartment (behind lens) is filled with ________ humor.

Answer 47

Aqueous; vitreous

Question 48

Optic disc

Answer 48

Where blood vessels and neurons enter and leave the eye

Question 49

Rods

Answer 49

More active in low light, more sensitivity than cones, cannot detect color

Question 50

Cones

Answer 50

Only active in bright light, can detect color, required for visual acuity

Question 51

Auricle

Answer 51

Ear

Question 52

External auditory meatus

Answer 52

Ear canal, runs through the temporal bone

Question 53

Tympanic membrane

Answer 53

Between external and middle ear

Question 54

Cochlea

Answer 54

Has sensory receptors needed for hearing

Question 55

How do we hear different sounds

Answer 55

Different frequencies of soundwaves stimulate different areas of the organ of Corti

Question 56

Where are the taste buds located

Answer 56

Papillae

Question 57

Name what each chemical stimulates for taste: glucose, hydrogen and acids, sodium, alkaloids, glutamate

Answer 57

``` Glucose: sweet Hydrogen and acids: sour Sodium: salty Alkaloids: bitter Glutamate: umami (savory) ```