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Anatomy > PNS & Sensory Systems > Flashcards

PNS & Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory divison

A

Receptors detect stimuli and transmit

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2
Q

Motor Division

A

Brain sends signal to activate structures

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3
Q

Name 2 subdivisions of the motor division

A

Somatic and Autonomic

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4
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Fight or flight repsonse

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5
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Rest and digest response

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6
Q

Endoneurium

A

Surrounds each individual axon

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7
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds group of axons (fascicles)

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8
Q

Epineurium

A

Surrounds nerve

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9
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

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10
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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11
Q

Where do the spinal nerves leave the spinal cord through

A

Intervertebral foramen

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12
Q

Where do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord

A

Dorsal nerve root

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13
Q

Where do motor axons leave the spinal cord

A

Ventral nerve root

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14
Q

Name the 4 major plexuses

A

Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

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15
Q

Cervical Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

A

In the neck; branches into Phrenic nerve and nerves in posterior head and trunk

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16
Q

Brachial Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

A

In the neck; branches into nerves that service the arms (radial, axillary, and ulnar)

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17
Q

Lumbar Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

A

In the lumbar region; branches into nerves that service the pelvis and legs (femoral and saphenous)

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18
Q

Sacral Plexus: location and what does it branch into?

A

Lumbar and sacral spinal nerves; branches into nerves that service the leg (sciatic nerve, which branches into tibial and fibular)

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19
Q

Intercostal Nerves

A

Axons from thoracic spinal nerves that extend to area around ribs

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20
Q

What is the primary control of homeostasis

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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21
Q

What does the ANS have control over (is it voluntary or involuntary)

A

INVOLUNTARY control over cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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22
Q

What kinds of threats can be made to the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

Physical or emotional

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23
Q

What does the body need to fight or run from threats made to the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

ATP, oxygen & glucose, and blood

24
Q

Name 5 physiological responses in the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

Breathing rate increases, HR increases, blood vessels going to skeletal muscle dilate, sweating increases, and pupils dilate

25
Q

What 2 things happen in the parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

Breathing and HR lower and more blood goes to digestive organs

26
Q

Sensation

A

Stimulus stimulates a sensory receptor

27
Q

Perception

A

Brain processes information

28
Q

Name the 3 types of sensory receptors

A

Free nerve ending, encapsulated ending, and specialized receptor cells

29
Q

Free nerve ending

A

Dendrites embedded in tissue (ex: pain and thermoreceptors)

30
Q

Encapsulated ending

A

Dendrites encapsulated in connective tissue

31
Q

Specialized receptor cells

A

Modified neurons to detect a specific type of stimulus

32
Q

Name the 6 types of specialized receptor cells and what they do

A

Chemoreceptors (respind to chemical stimuli), osmoreceptors (changes in body fluid solute concentrations), nociceptors (chemicals released from tissue damage), mechanoreceptor (respond to touch pressure and vibration), thermoreceptor (temperature changes), and photoreceptors (detect light energy)

33
Q

General sense

A

Receptors distributed throughout the body

34
Q

Somatosensation

A

Touch, pressure, vibration, itch, muscle stretch, tickle, and pain

35
Q

Proprioception and kinesthesia

A

Body movement

36
Q

Visceral sense

A

Sensation associated with organs

37
Q

Special sense

A

Specific organ devoted to sensation (ex: eyes, ears, mouth and nose)

38
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

Thin membrane that lines inner surface of eyelid and extends over white areas of the eye (sclera)

39
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Produces tears

40
Q

Lacrimal duct

A

Tears drain

41
Q

Extraocular (extrinsic) muscles

A

Skeletal muscles that move the eye around

42
Q

Firbous tunic

A

Consists of the sclera and cornea

43
Q

Vascular tunic

A

Consists of the blood vessels and the choroid

44
Q

Neural/sensory tunic

A

Contains photoreceptors and retina

45
Q

Ciliary body; definition and functions

A

Attached to the lens; contracts and pulls the lens to change the shape for near and far vision and bends light to focus on retina

46
Q

Iris

A

Constricts and relaxes to change the shape of the pupil

47
Q

Anterior compartment (between cornea and lens) is filled with _________ humor. Posterior compartment (behind lens) is filled with ________ humor.

A

Aqueous; vitreous

48
Q

Optic disc

A

Where blood vessels and neurons enter and leave the eye

49
Q

Rods

A

More active in low light, more sensitivity than cones, cannot detect color

50
Q

Cones

A

Only active in bright light, can detect color, required for visual acuity

51
Q

Auricle

A

Ear

52
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Ear canal, runs through the temporal bone

53
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Between external and middle ear

54
Q

Cochlea

A

Has sensory receptors needed for hearing

55
Q

How do we hear different sounds

A

Different frequencies of soundwaves stimulate different areas of the organ of Corti

56
Q

Where are the taste buds located

A

Papillae

57
Q

Name what each chemical stimulates for taste: glucose, hydrogen and acids, sodium, alkaloids, glutamate

A 
Glucose: sweet
Hydrogen and acids: sour
Sodium: salty
Alkaloids: bitter
Glutamate: umami (savory)

Anatomy (8 decks)

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