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Anatomy > Exam 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Exam 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue membrane

A

Thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the body, organs, joint cavities, and internal passageways

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2
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

The body

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3
Q

Serous Membranes

A

Organs

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4
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

Internal passageways that lead to exterior if the body

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5
Q

Synovial Membranes

A

Joint cavities

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6
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Manufacture and store keratin

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7
Q

Keratin

A

Hard protein that gives skin strength and resists water

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8
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce the pigment melanin

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9
Q

Melanin

A

Protects the DNA of skin cells from UV radiation

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10
Q

Albinism

A

Genetic disorder where melanocytes cannot produce melanin

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11
Q

Vitiligo

A

Some melanocytes lose ability to make melanin

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12
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow tinge to skin and eyes

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13
Q

Cyanosis

A

Caused by lack of oxygen in the blood

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14
Q

Erythema

A

Reddening of skin due to increased blood flow to skin

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15
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Affects actively dividing stem cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis

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16
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Affects keratinocytes in middle layers of the epidermis

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17
Q

Melanoma

A

Uncontrolled growth of melanocytes

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18
Q

Acne

A

Caused by clogged hair follicles associated with sebaceous glands

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19
Q

Scar

A

Collagen-rich skin formed during wound healing

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20
Q

Keloid

A

Overproduction of scar tissue

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21
Q

Bed sores

A

Caused by constant, long term pressure on bony parts of the body

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22
Q

Calluses

A

Caused by friction

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23
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Forms new bone

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24
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Breaks down bone for remodeling

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25
Q

Osteon

A

Structural unit of compact bone

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26
Q

Central canal

A

Hole for blood vessels and nerves

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27
Q

Perforating canal

A

Branches off central canal at right angles to deliver blood to all parts of the bone

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28
Q

Lamellae

A

Concentric rings if hardened matrix surrounding central canal

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29
Q

Lacunae

A

Spaces in lamellae housing osteocytes

30
Q

Canaliculi

A

Small canals that connect lacunae

31
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

From mesenchymal tissue to bone

32
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

From cartilage to bone

33
Q

Longitudinal bone growth

A

Occurs at epiphyseal plate; cartilage grows

34
Q

Appositional growth

A

Bone grows in diameter

35
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Bones respond to stress, occurs throughout adulthood

36
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Adjacent bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue

37
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Adjacent bones connected by cartilage

38
Q

Synovial joints

A

Adjacent bones connected by joint cavity

39
Q

Articular capsule

A

Fibrous connective tissue that forms walls of joint cavity

40
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines inner surface of articular capsule; produces synovial fluid and lubricates joint

41
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers surface of epiphysis; protects

42
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to contract in response to a stimulus

43
Q

Elasticity

A

Able to return to its resting length after conrtacting

44
Q

Extensibility

A

Able to stretch beyond its resting length

45
Q

Contractility

A

Able to shorten with force

46
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds each individual muscle fiber

47
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called “fascicles”

48
Q

Epimysium

A

Surrounds the entire muscle

49
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane in muscle

50
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm in muscle

51
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

52
Q

Myofibrils

A

Bundles of myofliaments packed within sarcoplasm

53
Q

Myofilaments

A

Contractile proteins actin and myosin

54
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Functional contractile unit of muscle fiber; area between 2 Z lines

55
Q

Actin

A

Binding sites for myosin

56
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Wrapped around actin; blocks binding sites

57
Q

Troponin

A

Attached to tropomyosin; has calcium receptors

58
Q

Myosin

A

Heads bind to sites in actin

59
Q

ACh

A

Neurotransmitters

60
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increased muscle mass

61
Q

Atrophy

A

Decreased muscle mass

62
Q

Recruitment

A

More motor units can be activated at the same time to create more muscle tension

63
Q

Tetanus

A

Frequency of stimulation is maxed out

64
Q

Origin

A

End of muscle attached to a fixed (non-moving) structure/bone

65
Q

Insertion

A

End of muscle attached to a movable structure/bone

66
Q

Prime mover (agonist)

A

Primary muscle involved in an action

67
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that assists the prime mover in an action

68
Q

Fixator

A

Muscle that stabilizes a bone to act as an origin for another muscle

69
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscles that oppose the prime mover

70
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions; moves material in one direction through a structure

Anatomy (8 decks)

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