Exam 1 Questions

Question 1

5 main points of anatomical position

Answer 1

Standing erect, facing forward, feet facing forward, palms open, and hands down at sides

Question 2

Name 5 Macronutrients

Answer 2

Water, carbs, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 3

Name 2 micronutrients

Answer 3

Vitamins and minerals

Question 4

What happens when body temp is too high or too low?

Answer 4

Chemical reactions (metabolism) cannot occur

Question 5

What 2 things is homeostasis maintained by?

Answer 5

Negative and Positive Feedback

Question 6

What speeds up chemical reactions?

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

Organic vs Inorganic compounds

Answer 7

Organic ALWAYS contains carbon and hydrogen and typically contains oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Inorganic may or may NOT contain hydrogen or carbon (NEVER BOTH), water, acids/bases and salts are biologically important

Question 8

4 main groups of organic

Answer 8

Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 9

What makes up 70% of the human body?

Answer 9

Water

Question 10

Functions of water (name 4)

Answer 10

Lubrication, cushion, moderates heat, and transportation

Question 11

What can separate ions?

Answer 11

Water

Question 12

What do acids release into a solution?

Answer 12

H+ ions

Question 13

What do bases release into solutions?

Answer 13

OH- ions

Question 14

What are acids and bases important for?

Answer 14

Digestion and metabolism

Question 15

On the pH scale, each number is __x higher than the previous number

Answer 15

10

Question 16

Normal blood pH

Answer 16

7.4

Question 17

Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 17

Energy source and structural (Glycocalyx for cell identification)

Question 18

Functions of proteins

Answer 18

Make enzymes, structural (keratin, actin and myosin for muscles), and chemical messengers (hormones, neurotransmitters)

Question 19

Function of RNA

Answer 19

Aids protein synthesis

Question 20

Name 3 types of lipids

Answer 20

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 21

Name 4 functions of triglycerides

Answer 21

Energy source, cushioning, insulation, and absorption of some vitamins

Question 22

Saturated vs Unsaturated fats

Answer 22

Saturated are solid at room temp and have only single bonds in fatty acid chains. Unsaturated are liquid at room temp and have one or more double bonds in a fatty acid chain.

Question 23

Example of a steroid

Answer 23

Cholesterol

Question 24

What type of solution can maintain a stable pH

Answer 24

Buffer

Question 25

Name 3 examples of dissacharides

Answer 25

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Question 26

Name 3 examples of polysaccharides

Answer 26

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 27

Name 3 examples of monosaccharides

Answer 27

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 28

Name 3 substances that can cross the phospholipid bilayer unaided

Answer 28

Oxygen, CO2, and water

Question 29

Name 3 substances that need channel proteins to cross the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 29

Sodium, potassium, and calcium

Question 30

Name 3 types of Passive Transport

Answer 30

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

Question 31

When does osmosis occur

Answer 31

When a solute cannot cross a cell membrane

Question 32

Name the 2 types of Active Transport

Answer 32

Primary and vesicular

Question 33

Locations of epithelial tissue

Answer 33

Skin, lines space of hollow organs (tracts), encloses internal organs, and glands

Question 34

Name the 5 functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 34

Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, and secretion

Question 35

Name 2 examples of exocrine glands

Answer 35

Sweat and digestive

Question 36

Name 5 functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 36

Movement of limbs, movement of body, facial expressions, breathing, and generates heat

Question 37

Name 5 locations of smooth muscle

Answer 37

Blood vessel walls, digestive system, reproductive system, urinary system, and respiratory system

Question 38

Name 2 functions of smooth muscle

Answer 38

Controls movement of substances through hollow organs and peristalsis (rhythmic contractions)

Question 39

Name the 5 types of connective tissue

Answer 39

Adipose, dense connective, cartilage, osseous, and blood

Question 40

Functions of adipose (name 3) and locations (name 2)

Answer 40

Energy storage, protection,and insulation; deep to skin and surrounding organs

Question 41

Functions of Dense REGULAR connective (1) and locations (2)

Answer 41

Provides strong and flexible connection between structures; tendons and ligaments

Question 42

Functions of Dense IRREGULAR connective (1) and locations (1)

Answer 42

Provides strong and flexible connection between structures; dermis

Question 43

Name 3 functions and 3 locations for Cartilage

Answer 43

Connects structures, protection, and structural; between bones, ears, and nose