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Anatomy > Exam 1 Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

5 main points of anatomical position

A

Standing erect, facing forward, feet facing forward, palms open, and hands down at sides

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2
Q

Name 5 Macronutrients

A

Water, carbs, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids

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3
Q

Name 2 micronutrients

A

Vitamins and minerals

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4
Q

What happens when body temp is too high or too low?

A

Chemical reactions (metabolism) cannot occur

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5
Q

What 2 things is homeostasis maintained by?

A

Negative and Positive Feedback

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6
Q

What speeds up chemical reactions?

A

Enzymes

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7
Q

Organic vs Inorganic compounds

A

Organic ALWAYS contains carbon and hydrogen and typically contains oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Inorganic may or may NOT contain hydrogen or carbon (NEVER BOTH), water, acids/bases and salts are biologically important

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8
Q

4 main groups of organic

A

Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

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9
Q

What makes up 70% of the human body?

A

Water

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10
Q

Functions of water (name 4)

A

Lubrication, cushion, moderates heat, and transportation

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11
Q

What can separate ions?

A

Water

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12
Q

What do acids release into a solution?

A

H+ ions

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13
Q

What do bases release into solutions?

A

OH- ions

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14
Q

What are acids and bases important for?

A

Digestion and metabolism

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15
Q

On the pH scale, each number is __x higher than the previous number

A

10

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16
Q

Normal blood pH

A

7.4

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17
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates

A

Energy source and structural (Glycocalyx for cell identification)

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18
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Make enzymes, structural (keratin, actin and myosin for muscles), and chemical messengers (hormones, neurotransmitters)

19
Q

Function of RNA

A

Aids protein synthesis

20
Q

Name 3 types of lipids

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

21
Q

Name 4 functions of triglycerides

A

Energy source, cushioning, insulation, and absorption of some vitamins

22
Q

Saturated vs Unsaturated fats

A

Saturated are solid at room temp and have only single bonds in fatty acid chains. Unsaturated are liquid at room temp and have one or more double bonds in a fatty acid chain.

23
Q

Example of a steroid

A

Cholesterol

24
Q

What type of solution can maintain a stable pH

A

Buffer

25
Q

Name 3 examples of dissacharides

A

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose

26
Q

Name 3 examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose

27
Q

Name 3 examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

28
Q

Name 3 substances that can cross the phospholipid bilayer unaided

A

Oxygen, CO2, and water

29
Q

Name 3 substances that need channel proteins to cross the phospholipid bilayer

A

Sodium, potassium, and calcium

30
Q

Name 3 types of Passive Transport

A

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

31
Q

When does osmosis occur

A

When a solute cannot cross a cell membrane

32
Q

Name the 2 types of Active Transport

A

Primary and vesicular

33
Q

Locations of epithelial tissue

A

Skin, lines space of hollow organs (tracts), encloses internal organs, and glands

34
Q

Name the 5 functions of epithelial tissue

A

Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, and secretion

35
Q

Name 2 examples of exocrine glands

A

Sweat and digestive

36
Q

Name 5 functions of skeletal muscle

A

Movement of limbs, movement of body, facial expressions, breathing, and generates heat

37
Q

Name 5 locations of smooth muscle

A

Blood vessel walls, digestive system, reproductive system, urinary system, and respiratory system

38
Q

Name 2 functions of smooth muscle

A

Controls movement of substances through hollow organs and peristalsis (rhythmic contractions)

39
Q

Name the 5 types of connective tissue

A

Adipose, dense connective, cartilage, osseous, and blood

40
Q

Functions of adipose (name 3) and locations (name 2)

A

Energy storage, protection,and insulation; deep to skin and surrounding organs

41
Q

Functions of Dense REGULAR connective (1) and locations (2)

A

Provides strong and flexible connection between structures; tendons and ligaments

42
Q

Functions of Dense IRREGULAR connective (1) and locations (1)

A

Provides strong and flexible connection between structures; dermis

43
Q

Name 3 functions and 3 locations for Cartilage

A

Connects structures, protection, and structural; between bones, ears, and nose

Anatomy (8 decks)

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