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Anatomy > Exam 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions that take place in the body

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2
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking molecules down

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

Building new molecules

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4
Q

Responsiveness

A

Ability of a organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments

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5
Q

Movement

A

Skeleton & muscles, moving substances throughout the body, and cells moving around

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6
Q

Development

A

The changes the body goes through in life

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7
Q

Atmospheric Pressure

A

Pressure of molecules in air pushing on your body

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8
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Keeps blood moving through the body

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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

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10
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Opposite direction

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11
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Same direction

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12
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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13
Q

Element

A

Substances that cannot be created nor broken down by ordinary chemical means

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14
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element

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15
Q

Proton

A

Positive charge; # determines element

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16
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral (no charge)

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17
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged; determines atom’s ability to bond to other atoms

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18
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

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19
Q

Compound

A

Molecules that contain at least 2 different elements

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20
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy involved in moving matter

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21
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

22
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy stored in chemical bonds

23
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged; electrons lost

24
Q

Anions

A

Negatively charged; electrons gained

25
Q

Cell

A

Structural units of all living things

26
Q

Organization of Life

A

Atoms -> Molecules -> Organelles -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism

27
Q

Cell Membrane

A

2 layers of phospholipids; separates ICF from ECF

28
Q

Solution

A

A solute dissolved or suspended in a solvent

29
Q

Passive Transport

A

Does NOT require ATP

30
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Substances spread out in an area; molecules move down/with concentration gradient

31
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Substances can only cross the membrane through a channel protein

32
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration

33
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires ATP

34
Q

Primary active transport

A

Requires a transport protein; molecules are transported up/against concentration gradient

35
Q

Endocytosis/Phagocytosis

A

Cell membrane engulfs something (enters cell)

36
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicle within the cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases contents into EFC (exits cell)

37
Q

Organelles

A

Structures in a cell that carry out specialized functions for the cell

38
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Determines what proteins cell makes, if and when to divide

39
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Protein production

40
Q

Function of ER

A

Synthesizes, transports, and stores materials such as proteins, lipids, and carbs

41
Q

Function of Golgi Apparatus

A

Sorts and modifies molecules produced in the ER and transports them

42
Q

Function of vessicles

A

Storage, transportation

43
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Breaks down worn out cell structures and foreign particles engulfed by the cell

44
Q

Function of Peroxisomes

A

Breaks down lipids, detoxifies

45
Q

Function of Mitochondria

A

Makes ATP

46
Q

Function of cytoskeleton

A

Cell shape and structure

47
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

48
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete a substance through a duct onto the surface of a tissue (ex: sweat glands)

49
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete hormones that enter the extracellular fluid and bloodstream

50
Q

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

Material found outside the cells (mostly found in connective tissue)

Anatomy (8 decks)

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