Exam 1 Vocab

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All of the chemical reactions that take place in the body

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Breaking molecules down

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Building new molecules

Question 4

Responsiveness

Answer 4

Ability of a organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments

Question 5

Movement

Answer 5

Skeleton & muscles, moving substances throughout the body, and cells moving around

Question 6

Development

Answer 6

The changes the body goes through in life

Question 7

Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 7

Pressure of molecules in air pushing on your body

Question 8

Blood Pressure

Answer 8

Keeps blood moving through the body

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

Question 10

Negative Feedback

Answer 10

Opposite direction

Question 11

Positive Feedback

Answer 11

Same direction

Question 12

Matter

Answer 12

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 13

Element

Answer 13

Substances that cannot be created nor broken down by ordinary chemical means

Question 14

Atom

Answer 14

Smallest unit of an element

Question 15

Proton

Answer 15

Positive charge; # determines element

Question 16

Neutrons

Answer 16

Neutral (no charge)

Question 17

Electrons

Answer 17

Negatively charged; determines atom’s ability to bond to other atoms

Question 18

Molecule

Answer 18

2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 19

Compound

Answer 19

Molecules that contain at least 2 different elements

Question 20

Kinetic energy

Answer 20

Energy involved in moving matter

Question 21

Potential energy

Answer 21

Stored energy

Question 22

Chemical energy

Answer 22

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 23

Cations

Answer 23

Positively charged; electrons lost

Question 24

Anions

Answer 24

Negatively charged; electrons gained

Question 25

Cell

Answer 25

Structural units of all living things

Question 26

Organization of Life

Answer 26

Atoms -> Molecules -> Organelles -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism

Question 27

Cell Membrane

Answer 27

2 layers of phospholipids; separates ICF from ECF

Question 28

Solution

Answer 28

A solute dissolved or suspended in a solvent

Question 29

Passive Transport

Answer 29

Does NOT require ATP

Question 30

Simple Diffusion

Answer 30

Substances spread out in an area; molecules move down/with concentration gradient

Question 31

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 31

Substances can only cross the membrane through a channel protein

Question 32

Osmosis

Answer 32

Movement of water from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration

Question 33

Active Transport

Answer 33

Requires ATP

Question 34

Primary active transport

Answer 34

Requires a transport protein; molecules are transported up/against concentration gradient

Question 35

Endocytosis/Phagocytosis

Answer 35

Cell membrane engulfs something (enters cell)

Question 36

Exocytosis

Answer 36

Vesicle within the cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases contents into EFC (exits cell)

Question 37

Organelles

Answer 37

Structures in a cell that carry out specialized functions for the cell

Question 38

Function of nucleus

Answer 38

Determines what proteins cell makes, if and when to divide

Question 39

Function of ribosomes

Answer 39

Protein production

Question 40

Function of ER

Answer 40

Synthesizes, transports, and stores materials such as proteins, lipids, and carbs

Question 41

Function of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 41

Sorts and modifies molecules produced in the ER and transports them

Question 42

Function of vessicles

Answer 42

Storage, transportation

Question 43

Function of lysosomes

Answer 43

Breaks down worn out cell structures and foreign particles engulfed by the cell

Question 44

Function of Peroxisomes

Answer 44

Breaks down lipids, detoxifies

Question 45

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 45

Makes ATP

Question 46

Function of cytoskeleton

Answer 46

Cell shape and structure

Question 47

Tissue

Answer 47

Group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 48

Exocrine glands

Answer 48

Secrete a substance through a duct onto the surface of a tissue (ex: sweat glands)

Question 49

Endocrine glands

Answer 49

Secrete hormones that enter the extracellular fluid and bloodstream

Question 50

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 50

Material found outside the cells (mostly found in connective tissue)