Endocrine System

Question 1

Exocrine glands

Answer 1

Secretions delivered via ducts to surface of tissue

Question 2

Endocrine glands

Answer 2

Secrete hormones into extracellular fluids and blood

Question 3

Name 2 functions of the endocrine system

Answer 3

Communication and release hormones into the blood stream to get responses from target cells

Question 4

What is the most common hormone

Answer 4

Amino acid based

Question 5

Name 4 examples of steroid hormones

Answer 5

Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol

Question 6

Name 6 effects in target cells

Answer 6

Reproduction, growth, development, metabolism, fluid and electrolyte balance, and sleep

Question 7

Name the 9 main endocrine glands

Answer 7

Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

Question 8

Positive feedback loop

Answer 8

Increasing levels of hormone to accomplish an effect (ex: lactation)

Question 9

Negative feedback loop

Answer 9

Keep hormone levels in homeostatic ranges

Question 10

Humoral stimulus

Answer 10

Blood levels of nutrients or ions stimulate hormone release

Question 11

Hormonal stimulus

Answer 11

Hormone released from one endocrine gland stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete another hormone

Question 12

Neural stimulus

Answer 12

Nervous system stimulates hormone release

Question 13

The __________ and _______ gland work together to control many other endocrine glands

Answer 13

Hypothalamus; pituitary

Question 14

Name 2 hormones secreted by the hypothalamus in the Posterior Pituitary

Answer 14

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 15

Oxytocin

Answer 15

Causes uterine contractions for birth (positive feedback loop), also lactation, sexual response and feelings of love and bonding

Question 16

ADH

Answer 16

Secreted when osmoreceptors detect high blood solute concentration, increases blood pressure

Question 17

What does ADH target

Answer 17

Kidneys

Question 18

What is secretion in ADH inhibited by (2 things)

Answer 18

Alcohol consumption and diabetes

Question 19

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 19

Responds to hormones secreted by hypothalamus

Question 20

Name the 3 types of hormones released by anterior pituitary

Answer 20

Growth hormone, prolactin, and tropic hormones

Question 21

Name the 3 types of tropic hormones

Answer 21

TSH, Gonadtropins (FSH and LH) and ACTH

Question 22

Growth Hormone (GH): what it regulates, targets

Answer 22

Regulates growth, protein synthesis, and ATP production; targets all body cells, especially skeletal muscle and bones

Question 23

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 23

Causes release of thyroid hormones, targets thyroid gland

Question 24

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 24

Targets adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Question 25

Gonadtropins

Answer 25

Targets gonads to release sex hormones, develop eggs and sperm, and ovulation in women

Question 26

Thyroid gland

Answer 26

Secretes thyroid hormones and calcitonin

Question 27

Name the 4 functions of Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4)

Answer 27

Increases basal metabolic rate, increases body temp, increases protein synthesis, and allows growth and development in children

Question 28

Calcitonin

Answer 28

Released in response to high calcium levels, decreases blood calcium

Question 29

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 29

Secrete PTH when blood calcium levels drop (negative feedback loop)

Question 30

Cortex

Answer 30

Superficial layer of adrenal gland

Question 31

Medulla

Answer 31

Inner area of the adrenal gland

Question 32

Name the 3 types of glucocorticoids

Answer 32

Cortisol, cortisone, and corticosteroids

Question 33

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 33

Affects mineral levels in body fluids, increases BP and blood volume

Question 34

What does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 34

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 35

What does the pineal gland screte

Answer 35

Melatonin