PNS Divisions and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

Involuntary,
constantly working,
divisions of the sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest)
2 pathways motor or sensory neurons

Question 2

Parasympathetic nervous system origin and mediation

Answer 2

Mediated by acetylcholine, effects specific organs like stomach and heart craniosacral

Question 3

Sympathetic nervous system origin and mediation

Answer 3

Mediated by norepinephrine, thoracolumbar origin, stimulates adrenal gland, stimulating the entire body

Question 4

Sympathetic nervous system when activated

Answer 4

Blood is sent away from unessential organs
Blood goes to skeletal muscles \, heart and liver to make glucose
GI is slowed or stopped
Adrenal medulla releases norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 5

The parasympathetic nervous system when activated

Answer 5

Pupils constrict
HR slows
Blood glucose levels fall
Decrease in breathing rate and depth
Gi returns to normal

Question 6

Cranial nerves

Answer 6

12 pairs- originate from the brainstem and exit the skull through foramina (holes and bones)

Olfactory-smell
Optic-vision
Oculomotor-eyelid movement, extrinsic eye muscles, sphincter of iris (light accommodation) Ciliary muscle of the eye distance of objects
eye proprioceptors
Trigeminal- chewing and facial sensation
Trocochlear
Abducens
Facial
Vesibulococlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory
hypoglossal

Question 7

Mixed neurons

Answer 7

Motor and sensory fibers

Question 8

Trigeminal nerve divsions

Answer 8

Optothalamic-eyelids and forehead, anterior scalp, eyeballs lacrimal glands, skin of the nose the skin

Maxillary- inside of the nose, palate (nose and oral cavity), upper teeth, upper lip and lower eyelids

Mandibular branch controls the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the lower teeth, cheek and side of the head

Question 9

Abducens

Answer 9

Mixed

Motor-lateral rectus muscle of the eye (move eyeball outward)
Sensory- eye proprioception

Question 10

Facial nerve

Answer 10

Mixed
Facial-Motor- facial expression, parasympathetic fibers-sublingual glands-under tongue and produce saliva, Submandibular-below lower jaw, watery and thick saliva, lacrimal ducts of the eye

Sensory- taste, 2-3 of tongue and face, scalp proprioception

Question 11

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 11

Sensory-balance-cochlear branch-hearing

Question 12

Vagus nerve

Answer 12

Mixed

Motor-Vocal apparatus-airway muscles-lungs, heart, entire GI tract, parasympathetic fibers of GI tract
Motor-digestive tract

Question 13

Glossopharangeal

Answer 13

Mixed

Motor-swallowing and parasympathetic fibers to the salivary and enzyme gland (Parotid)

Sensory-taste buds, proprioceptors for swallowing

Question 14

Spinal Accessory

Answer 14

Mixed- Cranial or motor pharynx, larynx and soft palate (speech sounds and swallowing to prevent getting into nasal cavity)

Spinal-neck muscles and upper back

Sensory-proprioceptors of the muscles above

Question 15

Hypoglossal

Answer 15

Motor-tongue control
Sensory-proprioception