Muscular System Flashcards
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth muscles
Located in the walls of hollow internal organs and blood vessels, for example, the small intestine, blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, venule, and veins) bronchioles of the respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and ureters, uterus and fallopian tube NOT THE HEART
Single nucleus, not striated, voluntary, controlled by the medulla oblongata
Cardiac Muscle
Only found in the heart, it involuntary and forms walls to the heart,
the main function is to propel blood into circulation by making the right atrium contract, striated and
Skeletal Muscle
striated, makes up the muscular system, and accounts for 40 to 50% of adult body weight
Only voluntary muscles of the body and are involved in moving bones and generating external movement
Muscular System Functions
Maintains posture- against gravity
Produces movement-muscles contract ans pull on tendons and bones
Stabilizes joints- pull on bones
Protection and control of internal tissue organs-abdominal cavity )abdominal wall, and floor of the pelvic cavity)
Generates heat- Normal body temperature and heat generation
Explain the gross anatomy of skeletal muscles
Muscle is separated from the skin by the hypodermis adipose tissue (insulation and protects muscle from damage), and dense connective tissue facia, (supports and surrounds muscle tissue and provides a pathway for nerves, lymphatic and blood vessels to enter the muscle cell
From the facia, 3 layers of connective tissue play a role in supporting and protecting the muscle and ensure that the force of contraction from each muscle cell is transmitted to its attachment points of the skeleton
What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround facia?
Epimyslium-wrapped around muscle
Perimysilium surrounds bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
Endomyslium-wrapped around muscle cells
Blend into a strong cord-like tendons or into sheet-like aponeuroses that attach muscles directly to bones, cartilages or connective tissue
How skeletal muscles produce movement
Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton by tendons, and contract against the skeleton, when muscles contract, they get shorter, causing the body to shift, can only contract and may return to a relaxed state, pairs of muscles need to operate in opposition to the bones in the opposite direction, to transfer bones at the joints each muscle pair must work against one another
Which muscle contracts for movement?
Which muscle contracts to straighten the joint?
Flexors (biceps) and extensors (elbow)
Why is it critical to warm up before exercise?
Muscles and tendons could be damaged, prepares muscles for the activity ahead, increases heart rate and blood flow to the muscles
Muscle injuries as a result of not warming up and how to prevent
Muscle or tendon breaks or pulled muscle
Tendonitis
Rest, cold compresses and stretching exercises by a PT
Rest or rest by doing a different activity
